{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T03:26:48Z","timestamp":1773199608835,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K19428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K19428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasal passages adjust the temperature of inhaled air to reach the required body temperature for the lungs. The nasal regions of primates including humans are believed to have experienced anatomical modifications that are adaptive to effective conditioning of the atmospheric air in the habitat for a given species. Measurements of the nasal temperature are required to understand the air\u2010conditioning performance for a given species. Unfortunately, repeated direct measurements within the nasal passage have been technically precluded in most nonhuman primates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is a potential approach for examining the temperature profile in the nasal passage without any direct measurements. The CFD simulation model mainly comprises a computational model to simulate physiological mechanisms and a wall model to simulate the nasal passage's anatomical and physical properties. We used a computational model developed for humans and examined corrections for the developed wall model based on human properties for predicting its performance in Japanese macaques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study confirmed that the epithelium layer thickness of the wall model affects the accuracy of the predictions for macaques. A convenient correction of the thickness based on body mass allows us to simulate the actual air temperature profile in macaques' nasal passage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CFD simulations of the wall model corrected with body mass can be applied to other nonhuman primates and mammals. This convenient corrective approach allows us to examine the functional contributions of a specific morphology to the air\u2010conditioning performance without any direct measurements to improve our understanding of primates' functional morphology and physical adaptations to the temperature environment in their habitat.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T13:20:24Z","timestamp":1610716824000},"page":"839-845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Computational fluid dynamics simulation wall model predicting air temperature of the nasal passage for nonhuman primates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"174","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3698-2507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Futoshi","family":"Mori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Sciences Iwate Medical University  Yahaba Iwate Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihisa","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primate Research Institute Kyoto University  Inuyama Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teruo","family":"Matsuzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology  Nomi Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3800-2194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primate Research Institute Kyoto University  Inuyama Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"350","volume-title":"The nose: Upper airway physiology and atmospheric environment","author":"Cole P.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703790114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1299\/jbse.8.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001800308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1299\/jbse.5.565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Clinical anatomy of the nose, nasal cavity, and Paranasal sinuses","author":"Lang J.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200406000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.118059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-005-2513-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-019-00741-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004807"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.10072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330470209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1996.0122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330290315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.0085"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23367"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physical Anthropology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajpa.24221","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajpa.24221","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajpa.24221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T11:28:01Z","timestamp":1693308481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajpa.24221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajpa.24221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.24221","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9483","1096-8644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9483","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-8644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}