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However, recent advances in noninvasive photographic monitoring of living, wild apes have enabled researchers to characterize dental eruption in relatively healthy individuals under naturalistic conditions. At present, such data are available for only one population of wild chimpanzees. We report data for an additional population of wild chimpanzees and the first dental eruption data for wild bonobos.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected photographs and video footage of teeth from the open mouths of wild bonobos and East African chimpanzees of known age from LuiKotale, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Gombe National Park, Tanzania, respectively. We scored the presence and absence of deciduous teeth from photographs and video footage to characterize deciduous dental eruption timing in these two populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deciduous dental eruption ages in our sample fall within the range of variation previously documented for captive chimpanzees, but eruption ages are later in wild than in captive contexts. We found substantial variation in deciduous canine eruption timing, particularly among bonobos. One bonobo had a deciduous canine present by 227\u2009days old while another did not have a deciduous canine present at 477\u2009days old.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data indicate that deciduous teeth erupt later in wild individuals than in captive individuals. We also found that deciduous dental eruption timing varies considerably between individuals within our study populations, a pattern that is consistent with previous studies. Future studies should consider sources of variation in deciduous canine eruption timing and relationships with other aspects of life history as additional data become available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T04:55:33Z","timestamp":1627275333000},"page":"684-691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In vivo deciduous dental eruption in\n                    <scp>LuiKotale<\/scp>\n                    bonobos and Gombe chimpanzees"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"176","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9897-3315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology The George Washington University  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. J.","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9217-3053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Fruth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior  Radolfzell Germany"},{"name":"LuiKotale Bonobo Project, Centre for Research and Conservation Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carson M.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology The George Washington University  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8057-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth V.","family":"Lonsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Franklin &amp; Marshall College  Lancaster Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keely","family":"Arbenz\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Augusto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LuiKotale Bonobo Project, Centre for Research and Conservation Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Brogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LuiKotale Bonobo Project, Centre for Research and Conservation Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1551-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Canington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Evolution and Social Change Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"},{"name":"Institute of Human Origins Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1533-4313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology The George Washington University  Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3411-1297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon C.","family":"McFarlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology The George Washington University  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gottfried","family":"Hohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2021.629094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/317525a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330860212"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"Gamer M. 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