{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T12:51:02Z","timestamp":1754398262679,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008562","name":"University of Texas at Austin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Craniofacial morphology (CFM) is often used to address questions about the biological affinities of the earliest Americans, or Paleoindians, but resolution is complicated in part by a lack of well\u2010preserved crania. The Wilson\u2010Leonard 2 (WL\u20102) Paleoindian skull from Texas has never been fully analyzed because it is crushed and cannot be physically reconstructed. This study employs a digital restoration for comprehensive assessment and analysis of WL\u20102.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010resolution CT data and geometric morphometrics are used to restore the WL\u20102 skull and analyze its morphology using 65 craniometric measurements acquired on the restoration. These data allow for a full morphological description and multivariate (Mahalanobis Distance and Principal Component) comparisons to other Paleoindians and recent populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>WL\u20102 has a long, narrow braincase, and a short, modestly prognathic face. Compared with other Paleoindians, she is individually similar to several skulls from Brazil, but aligns most closely with pooled samples from the US and Mexico. WL\u20102 is most similar to recent populations from Europe, Asia, and the Americas, and markedly different to those from Africa and Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall morphology of WL\u20102 and her association with Asians and Europeans align well with trends identified in other CFM analyses. Her affinity to recent Amerindians contrasts with the findings of many previous CFM studies, but is seemingly consistent with molecular analyses suggesting a close relationship between some Paleoindians and modern American Indians. This study demonstrates the potential for using digital anthropological methods to study other Paleoindian crania whose data value is limited by physical destruction and\/or deformation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T11:16:41Z","timestamp":1627903001000},"page":"486-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Digital restoration of the <scp>Wilson\u2010Leonard<\/scp> 2 <scp>Paleoindian<\/scp> skull (~10,000 <scp>BP<\/scp>) from central Texas with comparison to other early American and modern crania"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"176","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4913-8495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paleocultural Research Group  Broomfield Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology The University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2884-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Profico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PalaeoHub, Department of Archaeology University of York  York United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kappelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology The University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02436412"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Alsup B. 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