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We also assess scaling relationships within distinct taxonomic groups and across the order as a whole.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mandibular postcanine TRSA was measured using a three\u2010dimensional computed tomography (CT) method for catarrhine (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a027), platyrrhine (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a021), and strepsirrhine (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a024) taxa; this represents the first sample of strepsirrhines. Two different body size proxies were used: cranial geometric mean (GM) using nine linear measurements, and literature\u2010derived body mass (BM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>TRSA correlated strongly with body size, scaling with positive allometry or isometry across the order as a whole; however, scaling differed significantly between taxa for some teeth. Among Strepsirrhini, molar TRSA relative to GM differed significantly between folivores and pliant\u2010object feeders. Additionally, P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> TRSA relative to BM differentiated folivores from both hard\u2010 and pliant\u2010object feeders. Among Cercopithecoidea, P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> TRSA adjusted by GM differed between hard\u2010 and pliant\u2010object feeders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dietary signals in TRSA appear primarily driven by high frequency loading experienced by folivores. Stronger and more frequent dietary signals were observed within Strepsirrhini relative to Haplorhini. This may reflect the constraints of orthognathism within the latter, constraining the adaptability of their postcanine teeth. Finally, because of the strong correlation between TRSA and BM for each tooth locus (mean <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.82), TRSA can be used to predict BM in fossil primates using provided equations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T05:01:47Z","timestamp":1635224507000},"page":"4-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Primate body mass and dietary correlates of tooth root surface area"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8535-3280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley R.","family":"Deutsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9062-6677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin","family":"Dickinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria A.","family":"Whichard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia R.","family":"Lagomarsino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M. 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