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An assessment of both the implications and potential etiology of cribra orbitalia in this specific population is carried out.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effective sample included 141 adults aged \u226515\u2009years (53 females, 71 males, and 17 unknown sex) and 15 pre\u2010adults aged \u226414\u2009years. Cribra orbitalia was identified by way of cortical bone porosity of the orbital roof initiated within the dipl\u00f6ic space, rather than initiated subperiosteally. The approach is also robust to the misidentification of various pseudo\u2010lesions. Resultant data was analyzed using Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median survival is higher in adults aged \u226515\u2009years without cribra orbitalia than those with this lesion. For the pre\u2010adult cohort, the opposite pattern is seen where median survival is higher in those with cribra orbitalia than those without.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults displayed increased frailty and pre\u2010adults increased resilience with respect to cribra orbitalia. The differential diagnosis for a survival analysis of adults and pre\u2010adults with and without cribra orbitalia included iron deficiency anemia and B12\/folate deficiency, parasitism (including hydatid disease and malaria) in addition to thalassemia. The most parsimonious explanation for observed results is for both thalassemia and malaria being the chief etiological agents, while appreciating these conditions interact with, and can cause, other forms such as hematinic deficiency anemias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T11:56:58Z","timestamp":1680523018000},"page":"250-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Paleoepidemiology of cribra orbitalia: Insights from early seventh millennium BP Con Co Ngua, Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology University of Cambridge The Henry Wellcome Building, Fitzwilliam Street Cambridge CB2 1QH UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9515-5392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare","family":"McFadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Archaeology and Anthropology Australian National University 44 Linnaeus Way Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1047-4288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hallie","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5091-3105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Domett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3265-862X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Willis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts, Society &amp; Education James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6027-8915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiep H.","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Archaeology Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5453-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Sapporo Medical University Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5259-3819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melandri","family":"Vlok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast Asia Centre University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5804-2145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc F.","family":"Oxenham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Archaeology and Anthropology Australian National University 44 Linnaeus Way Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia"},{"name":"Department of Archaeology, School of Geosciences University of Aberdeen St Mary's, Elphinstone Road Aberdeen AB24 3UF Scotland UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.11.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26947A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/176182"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taab036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460902991979"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7447.1073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2015.02.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Crossing survival curves: Alternatives to the log\u2010rank test","volume":"12","author":"Bouliotis G.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.636S"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-101020-4.00002-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Health and disease in the prehistoric pacific islands. 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