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Here we hypothesize that women with more symmetric faces have more successful reproduction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected from 164 postmenopausal Polish women. Facial photographs were taken and the overall facial asymmetry (OFA) was calculated. The associations between the OFA and reproductive parameters were analyzed using multiple regression models. Furthermore, the mediation analysis was conducted to test for the indirect effects of the OFA on reproductive success.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a statistically significant relationship between the OFA and the number of children born, which was mediated by the age at first reproduction (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03), however, the size of the effect was rather low. Women with more symmetric faces had an earlier age at first reproduction and, in consequence, a greater number of children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>As fluctuating asymmetry is suggested to be established in utero, these findings shed light on the possible life\u2010long importance of developmental conditions in shaping women's reproductive potential and performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T12:00:44Z","timestamp":1680955244000},"page":"166-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The age at first reproduction as a potential mediator between facial fluctuating asymmetry and reproductive success in women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"181","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2396-7519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Klimek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Jagiellonian University Medical College Skawinska Street 8, 31\u2010066 Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urszula M.","family":"Marcinkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Jagiellonian University Medical College Skawinska Street 8, 31\u2010066 Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7879-9735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Galbarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Jagiellonian University Medical College Skawinska Street 8, 31\u2010066 Krakow Poland"},{"name":"Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7281-0286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilona","family":"Nenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Jagiellonian University Medical College Skawinska Street 8, 31\u2010066 Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8716-6342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazyna","family":"Jasienska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Jagiellonian University Medical College Skawinska Street 8, 31\u2010066 Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/147470490800600116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.2732"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.0398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(01)02266-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03203630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-5138(03)00084-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39731"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-5138(03)00017-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-3095(94)90018-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7036.108.3.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression\u2010based approach","author":"Hayes A. 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