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However, there is a variety of factors that can interfere with the coloration manifested by bones exposed to heat, resulting in colors that differ from the usual black to white gradient. In this study, we evaluated possible causes of unusual coloration changes and hues in burned bone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For that purpose, defleshed fresh pig (<jats:italic>Sus scrofa)<\/jats:italic> ribs as well as fresh and dry human clavicles were burned at four different temperatures (500, 700, 900 and 1100\u00b0C) in contact with different materials (CaO, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, and polyester cloth). Observable color changes were assessed through naked eye observation and description, Munsell color charts, and reflectance spectrophotometry. Additionally, chemical changes in bone were assessed using Fourier\u2010transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance (FTIR\u2010ATR) and x\u2010ray fluorescence (XRF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results showed that some materials did affect usual burned bone coloration (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) and correspondent FTIR\u2010ATR and XRF spectra. As for other materials, although no effect on visual bone coloration was observed, they still affected FTIR\u2010ATR and XRF spectra (CaO and cloth).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study can contribute to the anthropological analysis of burned human remains, providing some answers to what can cause unusual types of heat\u2010induced colorations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T06:49:31Z","timestamp":1706683771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The effects of exogenous substances on the color of heated bones"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"184","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1556-8390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Rosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry Molecular Physical\u2010Chemistry R&amp;D Unit, University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS) Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8059-8537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds A. 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