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Only a few studies have analyzed nasal soft tissue morphology, actively involved in air\u2010conditioning physiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used in vivo computer tomographic scans of (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009146) adult individuals from Cambodia, Chile, Russia, and Spain. We conducted (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009438) airflow simulations during inspiration using computational fluid dynamics to analyze the air\u2010conditioning capacities of the nasal soft tissue in the inflow, functional, and outflow tract, under three different environmental conditions: cold\u2013dry; hot\u2013dry; and hot\u2013humid. We performed statistical comparisons between populations and sexes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects from hot\u2013humid regions showed significantly lower air\u2010conditioning capacities than subjects from colder regions in all the three conditions, specifically within the isthmus region in the inflow tract, and the anterior part of the internal functional tract. Posterior to the functional tract, no differences were detected. No differences between sexes were found in any of the tracts and under any of the conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our statistical analyses support models of climatic adaptations of anterior nasal soft tissue morphology that fit with, and complement, previous research on dry skulls. However, our results challenge a morpho\u2010functional model that attributes air\u2010conditioning capacities exclusively to the functional tract located within the nasal cavity. Instead, our findings support studies that have suggested that both, the external nose and the intra\u2010facial soft tissue airways contribute to efficiently warming and humidifying air during inspiration. This supports functional interpretations in modern midfacial variation and evolution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T09:01:37Z","timestamp":1711098097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Beyond skeletal studies: A computational analysis of nasal airway function in climate adaptation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"184","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3141-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Bastir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology National Museum of Natural Sciences\u2010Spanish National Research Council  Madrid 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