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Here, a whole\u2010brain network model of the chimpanzee (<jats:italic>Pan troglodytes<\/jats:italic>, Blumenbach 1776) is presented, based on macroanatomical divisions, and compared with a previous equivalent model of the human brain. The goal was to contrast which regions are essential in the geometric balance of the brains of the two species, to compare underlying phenotypic patterns of spatial variation, and to understand how these patterns might have influenced the evolution of human brain morphology. The human and chimpanzee brains share morphologically complex inferior\u2010medial regions and a topological organization that matches the spatial constraints exerted by the surrounding braincase. These shared topological features are interesting because they can be traced back to the Chimpanzee\u2010Human Last Common Ancestor, 7\u201310 million years ago. Nevertheless, some key differences are found in the human and chimpanzee brains. In humans, the temporal lobe, particularly its deep and medial limbic aspect (the parahippocampal gyrus), is a crucial node for topological complexity. Meanwhile, in chimpanzees, the cerebellum is, in this sense, more embedded in an intricate spatial position. This information helps to interpret brain macroanatomical change in fossil hominids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T09:33:44Z","timestamp":1718444024000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A comparative anatomical network analysis of the human and chimpanzee brains"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9780-0973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Schuurman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n sobre la Evoluci\u00f3n Humana  Burgos Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6686-4616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emiliano","family":"Bruner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales \u2010 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