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Here we test these equations on a large, ethnically diverse sample. Skeletal and anthropometric data for 507 recently deceased Indigenous, Hispanic, and non\u2010Hispanic White adults were obtained from the New Mexico Decedent Image Database. The body mass of individuals with a \u201cnormal\u201d body mass index (BMI\u2009=\u200918.5\u201324.9) is very accurately predicted, with an average directional bias of about 1% and an average random error of less than 8%. Underweight individuals (BMI\u2009&lt;\u200918.5) are overpredicted, while overweight (BMI\u2009=\u200925\u201329.9) and especially obese (BMI\u226530) individuals are underpredicted. Within BMI categories, there is a strong and isometric relationship between predicted and true body mass. Individual body mass prediction errors using the stature\/bi\u2010iliac method are mainly dependent on variation in BMI. Because earlier humans were more likely to fall within or close to the normal BMI range, the equations should be applicable, on an individual basis, in archeological and paleontological contexts. Because of the prevalence of obesity in many modern populations, these equations are not applicable in a general forensic context. We derive new equations from nonobese individuals in our sample (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009338), which produce reasonable average prediction errors. If obese individuals can be identified using other skeletal parameters, these equations may be useful in estimating body mass in nonobese forensic cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.25004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T09:14:11Z","timestamp":1721985251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Technical note: Prediction of body mass from stature and pelvic breadth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2932-3634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Ruff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6011-477X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian J.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaya","family":"Abeyta\u2010Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Busby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2010.01648.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21469"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Size, function, and life history","author":"Calder W. 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