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The advantage of long lower limbs relative to body size is usually explained by an increase in body surface area relative to mass; however, the influence of limb length on relative body surface area was shown to be minor. We aimed to experimentally test the effect of relative lower\u2010limb length (LLL) on body temperature changes during running. Furthermore, we tested the effect of relative LLL on relative body surface area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult men (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200937) ran for 40\u2009min on a treadmill, while their core temperature (ingestible thermometer), skin temperature (infrared thermography), and oxygen consumption (indirect calorimetry) were measured. Relative LLL was calculated as residuals from linear regression of LLL on stature. Linear regression was used to test the effect of relative LLL on standardized heat loss (heat loss\/heat production), mean body temperature (weighted mean of skin and core temperatures), and body surface area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relative LLL had a positive effect on standardized heat loss and a negative effect on mean body temperature change during running. Relative LLL had a positive effect on the proportion of body surface area allocated to the lower limbs but not on the relative body surface area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reduced increase in mean body temperature associated with long lower limbs suggests an advantage of relatively long lower limbs for greater endurance and speed during persistence hunting or contemporary running events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.25036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T05:35:26Z","timestamp":1730266526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of relative lower\u2010limb length on heat loss and body temperature during running"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0323-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Stru\u0161ka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavla Alexia","family":"Jare\u0161ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9742-6985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Hora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0224-0476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara","family":"Wall\u2010Scheffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Seattle Pacific University  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Mich\u00e1lek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CASRI \u2013 Sports Research Institute of Czech Armed Forces  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladim\u00edr","family":"Sl\u00e1dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.10069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330910404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"The influence of physical conditions in the genesis of species","volume":"1","author":"Allen J. 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