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To expand knowledge of variability in dental development in hylobatids, we described the relative timing of upper and lower permanent tooth initiation, mineralization, and completion in the white\u2010handed gibbon (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Hylobates lar carpenteri<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a wild\u2010shot, known\u2010sex sample of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. lar carpenteri<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, we micro\u2010CT scanned 44 crania with permanent teeth forming, including a subset of 16 skulls with mandibles. We used these data to assess crypt, crown, and root formation. Each tooth received a dental score from 0 (no crypt initiation) to 12 (root apices closed). We used principal component and cluster analyses, among other tests, to examine variance and covariance among scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>First molar and central incisor formation was advanced over the rest of the dentition, while the premolars and second molar developed concurrently with one another. The canine crown initiated before the third molar yet reached root apical closure last. Overall patterns among dental scores were similar between upper and lower jaws, but the formation of lower anterior and premolar teeth was advanced by up to three formation stages. These patterns appeared invariant with respect to sex or pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. lar carpenteri<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> is characterized by relatively advanced central incisor formation, catch\u2010up growth of the lateral incisor, and protracted canine development. Adjacent molar crown formation timing is staggered, as in other primates. The development of the relatively large canines in these short\u2010faced apes highlights the myriad influences and competing demands on tooth formation and emergence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T01:46:11Z","timestamp":1742435171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["\u201cSmile\u2010Obates\u201d: Permanent Dental Development in the White\u2010Handed Gibbon (<i>Hylobates lar carpenteri<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"186","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8688-9976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary","family":"Cofran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anthropology Department Vassar College  Poughkeepsie New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1147-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia C.","family":"Boughner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199601)99:1<119::AID-AJPA7>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764\u2010021\u201000233\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764\u2010013\u20109666\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1998.0234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330860208"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2003.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22800"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/scs.2017.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13679"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20482"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"A Field Study in Siam of the Behavior and Social Relations of the Gibbon (Hylobates lar)","author":"Carpenter C. 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