{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T16:19:38Z","timestamp":1754151578141,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005966","name":"Leakey Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005966","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Biological Anthropology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The taxonomic status of the Middle and Late Pleistocene pongines from northern Vietnam remains obscure. Two current schemes dominate. The first has multiple species of <jats:italic>Pongo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Langsonia<\/jats:italic> occupying the region during the late Middle and Late Pleistocene. The second has just two species, with the large species <jats:italic>P. weidenreichi<\/jats:italic> from the Early to Late Pleistocene of China evolving into the smaller <jats:italic>P. devosi<\/jats:italic> from the Middle\/Late Pleistocene transition. Here, we generate several multivariate analyses against the available faciodental specimens from present\u2010day northern Vietnam to test these two schemes and assess the morphotypes of these specimens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Discriminant factor and principal components analyses were both used against 51 extant hominids (<jats:italic>Pongo<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Gorilla<\/jats:italic> and the two species of <jats:italic>Pan<\/jats:italic>) with 105 faciodental variables to examine the near\u2010complete subfossil Ho\u00e0 Binh skull. Additional fossils from the Late Pleistocene of this region were also analyzed. All specimens used were original.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conclude that there was a diverse range of <jats:italic>Pongo<\/jats:italic> species in the region of northern Vietnam. We recognize two large and two small species during the Late Pleistocene. One of the larger species occupied this region toward the end of the Late Pleistocene, thus refuting the chronospecies hypothesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests the extinction of mainland <jats:italic>Pongo<\/jats:italic> species is associated with the rapid decline in habitat during the Late Pleistocene. Orangutan populations further south in Sumatra and Borneo (still then part of Mainland Asia) survived in safe havens of relic rainforests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T11:16:18Z","timestamp":1742728578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A New Look at an Old Face: The Ho\u00e0 Binh Late Pleistocene <i>Pongo<\/i> Skull and Other Faciodental Fragments From Breccia Caves in Vietnam\u2014A Morphometric Assessment With Taxonomic Implications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"186","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5057-9790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David W.","family":"Cameron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Psychology The Australian National University  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell L.","family":"Ciochon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vu The","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viet Nam Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Archaeology  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Anh","family":"Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viet Nam Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Archaeology  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22459\/TA56.2024.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99931-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2008.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2001.0496"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2002.0550"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1631-0683(03)00054-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2015.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2005.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1997.0145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Anatomical Variability and Systematic Status of the Hominoids Currently Allocated to the African Dryopithecinae","volume":"49","author":"Cameron D. 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