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It is well\u2010known for the Neanderthal\u2010like face, while its neurocranium shows affinities with many hominin taxa, which makes the taxonomic status of Maba 1 controversial. Beyond the limited information from the external surface, we investigate in detail its internal structures, which are largely unexplored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reconstructed and described its frontal sinuses, diploic vessels, endocast, and bone thickness, using micro\u2010CT data. Linear measurements were applied for the frontal sinuses and endocast, and the latter was also analyzed through geometric morphometrics. A comparison is made after considering the preservation of Maba 1 and the availability of comparative specimens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The linear discriminant analyses for the frontal sinus cluster Maba 1 with <jats:italic>Homo neanderthalensis<\/jats:italic>. The Maba 1 diploic vessels anastomosed with the parietal foramen, a rare trait among <jats:italic>H. neanderthalensis<\/jats:italic>. The Maba 1 endocast differs from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Homo erectus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> in the frontal lobe, but it was generally closer to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. erectus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> than to <jats:italic>H. neanderthalensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. Generally, Maba 1 shares higher resemblances with other debated specimens, including LH18, Djebel Irhoud, and Broken Hill 1. The bregmatic thickness of Maba 1 differed from most <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. erectus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, while patterns in other areas share similarities with <jats:italic>H. neanderthalensis<\/jats:italic> and some <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. erectus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The internal structures of Maba 1 show a combination of morphological features found in various species. These findings further evidence the high morphological variability among Asian hominins in the late Middle Pleistocene. Maba 1 currently cannot be definitely classified in any known hominin taxon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T10:51:45Z","timestamp":1747911105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reappraisal of the Morphological Affinities of the Maba 1 Cranium: New Evidence From Internal Cranial Anatomy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"187","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5408-0857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaming","family":"Hui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"PaleoFED Team, UMR 7194 Histoire Naturelle des Humanit\u00e9s Pr\u00e9historiques MNHN\u2010CNRS\u2010UPVD  Paris France"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiujie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Balzeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PaleoFED Team, UMR 7194 Histoire Naturelle des Humanit\u00e9s Pr\u00e9historiques MNHN\u2010CNRS\u2010UPVD  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of African Zoology Royal Museum for Central Africa  Tervuren Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2018.1543137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201053918\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abp9767"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4000\/bmsap.7840"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2015.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4207\/PA.2017.ART107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","article-title":"Revisiting the Anatomy of the Florisbad Hominin Cranium: Visualization of New Internal Features and Observations on Its Supposed Pathologies","author":"Balzeau A.","journal-title":"PaleoAnthropology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010019\u20101139\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2015.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"273","volume-title":"The Circeo I Neandertal Skull, Studies and Documentation","author":"De Stefano G. 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