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Network analysis considers both local and global parameters of systems and can assess spatial constraints due to physical interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The chimpanzee craniocerebral system exhibits (1) a structurally relevant inferior\u2010medial region which might be suggested to constrain morphological evolution; (2) efficient diffusion of information, an essential aspect of morphological variability in terms of plasticity; and (3) the concurrence of a longitudinal and a vertical modular partition, indicative of the cranial constraints imposed on cerebral topology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The craniocerebral systems of both species display many similarities, which probably trace back to their Last Common Ancestor (LCA), 7\u201310 million years ago. Nevertheless, some differences are also found. The ethmoid bone's contribution to craniocerebral integration, specifically, is exceptional in humans but modest in chimpanzees, possibly due to differences in the growth process of the face. Another difference lies in their modularity: in chimpanzees, the frontal bone is lumped together with other elements of the calvaria and with the brain, whereas in humans, it participates in the facial block, probably owing to the relatively anterior position of the frontal bone in this species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T03:24:18Z","timestamp":1751081058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative Anatomical Network Analysis of Chimpanzee and Human Craniocerebral Topology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"187","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9780-0973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Schuurman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC  Madrid 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