{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:20:53Z","timestamp":1780392053221,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Biological Anthropology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The higher mortality rate of the Black Death compared to later epidemics has prompted bioarchaeologists to address the health status of past plague victims and whether this may have influenced the selectivity of the disease. A person's phenotype is the result of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors; body size, and in particular body mass and stature, are strongly influenced by external factors (such as economic conditions, famine, physiological stresses, etc.). In this study, we explored how variations in body mass and BMI may reflect changes in the population of London during the Black Death (1348\u20131350) and to understand the relationship between epidemic diseases and changes in body size in the past.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For this purpose, stature, body mass, and BMI were reconstructed using osteologic data from the Wellcome Osteological Research Database (WORD) of the Museum of London from individuals who died before, during, and after the Black Death in medieval England.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed a significant decrease in weight and stature in the period of the Black Death and a slight increase, compared to pre\u2010Black Death data, after the plague epidemic. Values of BMI, conversely, remained more or less constant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results further clarify the effects of social upheavals before the Black Death on the health of the individuals and reveal new insights into their health after the extreme devastation. Moreover, we confirmed that BM, as well as stature, can be used to assess health changes in the past.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T06:35:31Z","timestamp":1752820531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Heavy Issue: Changes in Body Size in London Before, During and After the Black Death"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Mongillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthea","family":"Cerviero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2899-2884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Zedda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6972-3085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natascia","family":"Rinaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5433-663X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Bramanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330950405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/634024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Human Osteology. Laboratory Field Manual","author":"Bass W. M.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.47.4.455\u2010509.1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903\u2010021\u201001667\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.12994.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10549"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"The London Guildhall: An Archaeological History of a Neighbourhood From Early Medieval to Modern Times","author":"Bowsher D.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201036201\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23783"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02437238"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","volume-title":"Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment, and Study of Human Skeletal Remains","author":"Brothwell D. R.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"Buikstra J. E. andD. H.Ubelaker.1994.\u201cStandards For Data Collection From Human Skeletal Remains. Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series No. 44 Fayetteville Arkansas.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1197175"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139031110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0025727300072100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/203718"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5744\/bi.2017.1009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23930"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20974"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2010.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096513"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22806"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Exploring Sex and Gender in Bioarchaeology","author":"DeWitte S. N.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23073"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21228"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2012.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/JINH_a_00500"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705460105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2966"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2004.024075"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198221661.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22493"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047\u20102484(80)90061\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20742"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5284\/1000273"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010009\u20101125\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","first-page":"43","volume-title":"The Black Death Cemetery, East Smithfield","author":"Grainger I.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5284\/1070759"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","volume-title":"The Cistercian Abbey of St Mary Graces, East Smithfield, London. Museum of London Archaeology Service, Monograph 44","author":"Grainger I.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330970207"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201098214\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003598X0007856X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047\u20102484(91)90035\u2010T"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00119\u201016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11776J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11018J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/587658"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23905"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000345162"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/628740"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1478271520093902021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330680103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300035705"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330870404"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601\u20100825.2009.01624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2021.1878443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","first-page":"34","volume-title":"The Augustinian Priory of St. Mary Merton, Surrey: Excavations 1976\u201390","author":"Miller P.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260505"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174415007199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.6.1088"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1812865115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pastj\/gti009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2017.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2009.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1899.0004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330300214"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511522437"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","unstructured":"Powers N.2012.\u201cHuman Osteology Method Statement Museum of London Archaeology.\u201dAccessed March 27 2023.https:\/\/www.museumoflondon.org.uk\/application\/files\/4814\/5633\/5269\/osteology\u2010method\u2010statement\u2010revised\u20102012.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v92i3.10274"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815224-9.00005-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39707"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096\u20108644(200012)113:4\u2329507::AID\u2010AJPA5\u232a3.0.CO;2\u2010F"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10117"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2017.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22087"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2004.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330860306"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0010417500004230"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1081602X.2021.2007499"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105107108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22536"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.10.7960"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Body Mass and Body Mass Index Estimation in Medieval Switzerland","volume":"17","author":"Siegmund F.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bulletin Der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Anthropologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366\u2010020\u20100613\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201004800\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22789"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736\u20104679(03)00079\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005523330643"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22436"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_103_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Femoral and Tibial Diaphyseal Cross\u2010Sectional Geometry in Pleistocene Homo","volume":"2012","author":"Trinkaus E.","year":"2012","journal-title":"PaleoAnthropology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330090307"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330100407"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330160106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330470216"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9204\/aogh.2361"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703856114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2015.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20607"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21591"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22223"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10137"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22418"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hub.2003.0067"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhmas\/jri064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21060757"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IM9.0000000000000061"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23772"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22954"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24394"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12520\u2010022\u201001670\u20108"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Biological Anthropology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajpa.70098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T08:52:56Z","timestamp":1755679976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajpa.70098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajpa.70098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.70098","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2692-7691","2692-7691"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2692-7691","type":"print"},{"value":"2692-7691","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70098"}}