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Within\n                      <jats:italic>Papio,<\/jats:italic>\n                      their study has been of particular interest as baboons show variation in greeting, male\u2013male cooperation, philopatry, and social systems. The function of greetings in\n                      <jats:italic>Papio<\/jats:italic>\n                      may differ by species, including facilitating cooperative behavior, negotiating rank, and maintaining social relationships. Chacma baboons, a species that generally exhibits limited to no coalition formation and low male\u2013male tolerance, remain understudied regarding their male\u2013male greeting behavior.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here I present descriptions of male\u2013male greeting behavior of chacma baboons (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Papio ursinus griseipes<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) recorded in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique in 2018 and 2019. Behavioral data was collected from video footage and categorized using established definitions from the published literature (e.g., presence and intensity of physical contact, reciprocity, and completeness).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Strong similarities in signal use between the sample of chacma baboon greetings and published accounts of olive, hamadryas, and yellow baboon greetings were identified. Specifically, rates of physical contact, intense physical contact, and reciprocal use of facial expressions were similar to those of the other\n                      <jats:italic>Papio<\/jats:italic>\n                      species, excluding the Guinea baboon which exhibits more stereotyped and highly physical greetings. The proportion of observed chacma baboon greetings which were considered \u201cincomplete\u201d (i.e., exhibiting only facial signals, with no presenting or contact) however, was greater than in the other baboon species, highlighting a key difference that may reflect the lower level of male tolerance and weaker male relationships in chacma baboons compared to other baboon species.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T08:00:40Z","timestamp":1766736040000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Male\u2010Male Greeting Behavior Observed in Chacma Baboons (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Papio ursinus griseipes<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ) in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"188","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0430-2802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Muschinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/285740"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2006.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00385038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853968X00333"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12192577"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.25049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265\u2010005\u20100071\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107644"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Canty A. andB. 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