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Types of ARSCs examined include spondylolysis (overall workload), humeral enthesopathies (unilateral upper\u2010limb overuse), and metatarsal facets (habitual postures). Burial positions and grave goods were analyzed to assess sex\u2010based differences in burial practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polg\u00e1r\u2010Ferenci\u2010h\u00e1t exhibited no clear differences in burial treatment between the sexes, while Polg\u00e1r\u2010Cs\u0151szhalom displayed marked sex\u2010related distinctions in burial practices. Individuals at Polg\u00e1r\u2010Cs\u0151szhalom bore greater physical workloads than those at Polg\u00e1r\u2010Ferenci\u2010h\u00e1t, though no consistent sex\u2010based differences in lesions emerged. Males at both sites demonstrated recurrent right upper limb overuse, aligning with broader prehistoric European trends. At Polg\u00e1r\u2010Cs\u0151szhalom, nine males and one female buried with male\u2010associated items also exhibited metatarsal facets, linking sex\u2010associated activity, posture, and social identity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest that society at Cs\u0151szhalom was structured around gendered roles, yet allowed for individual variation. While the limited number of individuals and the inherent uncertainty in interpreting activity markers call for caution, this study enhances our understanding of prehistoric social organization by revealing both recurring sex\u2010related patterns of behavior and local flexibility in the expression of gender roles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:00:11Z","timestamp":1771232411000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fixed and Fluid: The Two Faces of Gender Roles\u2014A Combined Study of Activity Patterns and Burial Practices in the European Neolithic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2958-8034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Villotte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR7206 \u00c9co\u2010Anthropologie, CNRS, MNHN, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9. 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