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This article reexamines past and present bioarchaeological descendant community engagement to consider how \u201cdescendant community\u201d has been defined. The authors present three case studies to highlight variation in descendant community definition in practice. The first describes the Loretto Bioarchaeology Project, a community\u2010engaged investigation of the lives of Catholic Sisters (1870\u20131969) based in Denver, Colorado. The Loretto Community of Sisters and affiliates acts as the descendant community, centering \u2018chosen\u2019 family over biological relationships. The second case study discusses two hurricane victims from the 1928 Hurricane, in Belle Glade, Florida. A biological descendant community is impossible given the population of migrant laborers that died in the storm, but a community of care has been developed at a local memorial site for the storm. The third case study considers next\u2010of\u2010kin reported in archival documents pertaining to persons in the Huntington Anatomical Collection (1893\u20131921), currently housed at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History. While next\u2010of\u2010kin documented at decedents' deaths include biological kin, bonds were also created through shared residence and life in New York City, problematizing notions of lineal descendants in the present. The case studies represent a multiplicity of \u201cfamily,\u201d \u201cdescendants,\u201d and \u201ckin,\u201d complicating policies for defining and prioritizing descendant communities and offering examples of paths forward through different iterations of community in bioarchaeological practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T07:11:40Z","timestamp":1778137900000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["On Making Descendant Communities: Three Case Studies From Historical Bioarchaeology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"190","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6952-1002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alanna L.","family":"Warner\u2010Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"American University  Washington D.C USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren R.","family":"Hosek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith A. B.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Atlantic University  Boca Raton Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.25003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"Agarwal S. C. M. L.Blakey T. H.Champney et\u00a0al.2024.\u201cThe Commission for the Ethical Treatment of Human Remains. Final Report.\u201dAmerican Anthropological Association."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13527258.2010.510923"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","unstructured":"American Anthropologist.2020.\u201cStatement About March 2020 Cover.\u201dAccessed December 18 2025.https:\/\/www.americananthropologist.org\/online\u2010content\/march\u20102020\u2010cover\u2010statement."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","unstructured":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology. n.d.\u201cEditorial Policies and Ethical Considerations. 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