{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T07:07:49Z","timestamp":1784099269791,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Biological Anthropology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple Late Pleistocene hominin fossils have been discovered at Maludong, southwestern China, which exhibit a mosaic of archaic and modern human traits, revealing high hominin diversity. To further investigate the regional variation of hominins during the Late Pleistocene in East Asia, this study presents a 3D geometric morphometric analysis of the Maludong frontal bone and mandibles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CT\u2010scanned 3D models of Maludong frontal bone (MLDG 1704) and mandibular (MLDG 1679\/1706) fossils were analyzed using 3D geometric morphometrics, alongside comparative 3D models of Pleistocene hominins and fossil\/extant modern humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Maludong frontal bone and mandibular shape variation (MLDG 1706) fall within the range of variation observed in Late Pleistocene\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and modern humans, exhibiting distinct modern human\u2010like traits. Specifically, the frontal bone shows a reduced supraorbital ridge and a broad, globular frontal squama with greater curvature. The mandible displays a more vertical symphysis and a more elongated ramus. However, the MLDG 1679 mandible falls within the morphological range of Late Pleistocene\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and Neanderthals, characterized by a shorter and more robust ramus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings indicate that the Maludong hominins share biological affinity with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , potentially reflecting broader evolutionary trends in modern human morphology. Meanwhile, the robusticity observed in these and other Late Pleistocene East Asian fossils highlights the wide regional craniomandibular diversity of East Asian hominins during the Late Pleistocene. This study thereby contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the morphological diversification and the complex evolutionary history of Late Pleistocene hominins in East Asia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T12:06:57Z","timestamp":1779970017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Reappraisal of the Frontal Bone and Mandibles of Late Pleistocene Hominins From\n                    <scp>M<\/scp>\n                    aludong, Southwestern\n                    <scp>C<\/scp>\n                    hina: A\n                    <scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    Geometric Morphometric Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Yifei","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PaleoAnthropological Research Center (PARC) Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Institute of Archaeological Science, Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiwu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mengzi Institute of Cultural Relics  Mengzi Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiyu","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PaleoAnthropological Research Center (PARC) Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Institute of Archaeological Science, Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenwen","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PaleoAnthropological Research Center (PARC) Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Institute of Archaeological Science, Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueping","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Antropolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales Universidad del Cauca  Popay\u00e1n Colombia"},{"name":"CONICET\u2010Divisi\u00f3n Antropolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Universidad Nacional de La Plata  La Plata Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7815-1675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pianpian","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PaleoAnthropological Research Center (PARC) Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Institute of Archaeological Science, Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, Faculty of Science University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams D. M.Collyer A.Kaliontzopoulou andE.Baken.2025.\u201cGeometric Morphometric Analyses of 2D and 3D Landmark Data.\u201dR Package Version 4.0.10.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.geomorph.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.geomorph"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4436\/jass.90008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aai9067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2021.103026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology","author":"Bookstein F. L.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(97)85012-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010019\u20101139\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"Cui Y.2014.\u201cThree\u2010Dimensional Surface Semi\u2010Landmark Based Geometric Morphometric Study of Fossil Human Cranium From Liujiang China.\u201dUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2015.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031918"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143332"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121193"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ado9202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2004.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4404\/hystrix\u201024.1\u20106292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-27614-9_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2009.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2009.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24915"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"Cranial Variation in Man: A Study by Multivariate Analysis of Patterns of Difference Among Recent Human Populations","author":"Howells W. W.","year":"1973"},{"issue":"04","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"379","article-title":"A Fossil Hominin Cranial Vault From Chuan Dong, Puding, Guizhou","volume":"8","author":"Huang X.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Anthropologica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434\u2010013\u20106026\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2011.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2022.103291"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.022440799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1004\u20106275.2023.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16359\/j.1000\u20103193\/AAS.2024.0085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014386107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16359\/j.cnki.cn11\u20101963\/q.2016.0015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11692\u2010009\u20109055\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2024.103517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aao5961"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"A Brief Report on the Excavation of Human and Other Mammalian Fossils From Huangshuanxi, Ziyang, Sichuan","volume":"10","author":"Pei W.","year":"1952","journal-title":"Chinese Science Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","first-page":"406","article-title":"MeshLab as a Complete Tool for the Integration of Photos and Color With High Resolution 3D Geometry Data CAA","author":"Ranzuglia G.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Conference Proceedings"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-810493-4.00011-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","unstructured":"Schlager S. G.Jefferis andD.Ian.2023.\u201cMorpho: Calculations and Visualisations Related to Geometric Morphometrics.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.og\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.Morpho."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2016.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Evolutionary Significance of the Wajak Skulls","volume":"110","author":"Storm P.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scripta Geologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113050108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4436\/JASS.91010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16359\/j.1000\u20103193\/AAS.2024.0091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24569"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","volume-title":"Human Osteology","author":"White T. D.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickham H. W.Chang L.Henry et\u00a0al.2025.\u201cggplot2: Create Elegant Data Visualizations Using the Grammar of Graphics. R Package Version 3.5.2.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.ggplot2.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.ggplot2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Human Fossils Discovered in Liujang, Guangxi","volume":"3","author":"Wu R.","year":"1959","journal-title":"Vertebrata Palasiatica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2023.103411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpv.2013.10.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Preliminary Study on the Human Skull From Lijiang, Yunnan","volume":"15","author":"Yunnan Provincial Museum","year":"1977","journal-title":"Vertebrata Palasiatica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Human Fossils and Their Culture From Mengzi, Yunnan","volume":"2","author":"Zhang X.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Yunnan Social Sciences"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Biological Anthropology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajpa.70287","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajpa.70287","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajpa.70287","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:25:01Z","timestamp":1784096701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajpa.70287"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajpa.70287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.70287","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2692-7691","2692-7691"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2692-7691","type":"print"},{"value":"2692-7691","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70287"}}