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Fossils collected from this formation before 2007 include three species of colobine monkey. However, several new fossils have been recovered, including a partial cranium, calling for a reassessment of Lemudong'o Formation cercopithecid taxonomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study describes 79 new cercopithecid specimens from collection years 2007\u20132016 and 2019\u20132024. These specimens, together with previously published material from the Lemudong'o Formation, are compared to fossil cercopithecids from other contemporaneous sites in Africa as well as a sample of extant cercopithecids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      New material supports the presence of the three previously identified colobine taxa and identifies a novel fourth colobine species. The novel colobine species is described as\n                      <jats:italic>Olotimcolobus narokensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      gen. et sp. nov., and the previously recognized small indeterminate colobine is here named\n                      <jats:italic>Lemucolobus orkimusei<\/jats:italic>\n                      gen. et sp. nov. Existing hypodigms are refined in light of this new taxonomy. A papionin is also identified from this formation for the first time, adding to the scant late Miocene cercopithecine record.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Lemudong'o Formation is remarkable for its high cercopithecid diversity in the Late Miocene. The predominance of colobines here and at other contemporaneous sites (e.g., Lukeino, Lothagam, Nakali, Toros Menalla) suggests that colobines were more diverse than cercopithecines through the early part of their radiation. Possible ecological factors are discussed in the context of early cercopithecid diversity and evolution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T03:40:02Z","timestamp":1785210002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Systematic Revision of the Late Miocene Cercopithecid Monkeys From the Lemudong'o Formation, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"190","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0956-7826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia L.","family":"Arenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8768-3171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Hunter College of the City University of New York  New York New York USA"},{"name":"PhD Programs in Anthropology and Biology Graduate Center of the City University of New York  New York New York USA"},{"name":"New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP)  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Division of Paleontology American Museum of Natural History  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7719-6801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Midwestern University  Downers Grove Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8785-0512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanley H.","family":"Ambrose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Illinois, Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2032-8321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahab N.","family":"Kinyanjui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences National Museums of Kenya  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrick K.","family":"Manthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences National Museums of Kenya  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3157-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin N.","family":"DiMaggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6657-1514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley S.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Catal\u00e0 de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP\u2010CERCA), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Spain"},{"name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Ava\u00e7ats (ICREA)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Division of Anthropology American Museum of Natural History  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"The Paleoecology and Paleogeographic Context of Lemudong'o Locality 1, a Late Miocene Terrestrial Fossil Site in Southern Kenya","volume":"56","author":"Ambrose S. 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