{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T06:53:42Z","timestamp":1791010422501,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Biological Anthropology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates the environmental contexts that influenced the evolution of hominin foot morphology, focusing on when, where, and under what conditions key synapomorphies evolved. We test whether shifts in ecological conditions are associated with changes in locomotor function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used phylogenetic and biogeographical analyses with paleoenvironmental data to evaluate the relationships between foot morphology and environmental context. Phylogenetic trees were inferred using the fossilized birth\u2010death model and time\u2010calibrated. Multiple topologies were used to explore alternative evolutionary hypotheses. Historical biogeography was reconstructed using BioGeoBEARS. Finally, environmental conditions at key ancestral nodes were inferred by linking reconstructed geographical regions with paleoenvironmental proxies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results suggest that the origin of bipedalism likely occurred during intervals of increasing aridity. Later in hominin evolution, wetter environments became more important, and most derived traits evolved during wet or mixed environments. The last common ancestors (LCA) of most\n                      <jats:italic>Australopithecus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Paranthropus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species likely lived in wetter environments, and the LCA of Homo lived in both dry and wet environments. Across all trees, an average of 5.3 synapomorphies evolved in wet environments, 5.0 in dry and wet environments, and 4.3 in mixed environments. The results suggest that a considerable number of foot synapomorphies evolved during periods of ecological transition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ecological flexibility seems to be significant in hominin foot evolution, enabling synapomorphies to persist as hominins faced different environmental conditions. These findings illustrate how environments influenced the evolution of key adaptations in hominins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T06:31:34Z","timestamp":1791009094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Environmental Context of Hominin Foot Evolution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"191","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7402-6017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeganeh","family":"Sekhavati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3032-8309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas Cody","family":"Prang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Strait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Palaeo\u2010Research Institute University of Johannesburg  Auckland Park Gauteng South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"An Introduction to Human Evolutionary Anatomy","author":"Aiello L.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.061938","article-title":"Elliptical Fourier Analysis of Hominoid Radius Shape: Implications for Ardipithecus ramidus","volume":"14","author":"Araiza I.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biology Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(87)90016-9","article-title":"The Belohdelie Frontal: New Evidence of Early Hominid Cranial Morphology From the Afar of Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"Asfaw B.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geobios.2013.02.001","article-title":"Fossil Leaves From Lukeino, a 6\u2010Million\u2010Year\u2010Old Formation in the Baringo Basin, Kenya","volume":"46","author":"Bamford M. 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