{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:01:16Z","timestamp":1790319676185,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":181,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Biological Anthropology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Bioarcheologists interpret skeletal health by examining variability within and between individuals. Studies of bone loss have generated contradictory and conflicting results regarding the onset and severity of age\u2010related bone loss on a global and temporal scale, perhaps due to mismatched methodologies. Intraskeletal comparisons of bone tissue prove challenging precisely because of heterogeneous baselines in quantity and remodeling of cortical bone throughout the skeleton, as well as evolutionary histories and environmental impacts on growth and development. Here we analyze cortical bone indicators from the rib, metacarpal, and femoral cortical bone in a subset of individuals (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200972) regions from the medieval Italian archaeological site of Pieve di Pava. To facilitate intraskeletal comparisons across elements with different biological baselines, we standardize cortical bone parameters using\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010scores. Variation in relative intraskeletal cortical bone was assessed using accessible multivariate methods (principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis). Results suggest an association between femoral and metacarpal cortical bone values, with stochastic trends in metacarpal and femoral relative bone quantity in relation to the rib bone quantity at the sample level. Our study demonstrates that while intraskeletal analyses are challenging, they are made more robust by synthesizing multivariate methods alongside exploratory data analysis (EDA) methods to tack between sample\u2010level and individual\u2010level scales and variability. Ultimately, we advocate for leveraging multivariate techniques not as a final step, but rather as a means of generating new hypotheses and challenging tendencies to a priori establish typological groups in the research process.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T07:35:31Z","timestamp":1787902531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intraskeletal Variation in Cortical Bone Quantity in a Medieval Italian Sample: A Multivariate Exploratory Approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"191","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4252-6492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Kinkopf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology and Anthropology North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0474-4800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trent M.","family":"Trombley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Augustana University  Sioux Falls South Dakota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2725-6893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Seckinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of California Berkeley  Berekeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0543-0053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina C.","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of California Berkeley  Berekeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9108-039X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Giuffra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3303-0014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Minozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3936-3242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Campana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of History and Cultural Heritage University of Siena  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3048-0493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Riccomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","volume-title":"History of Human Life Span and Mortality","author":"Acs\u00e1di G.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1548-1433.2012.01428.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22905"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119151647.ch11"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23647"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003366133-31"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097\u20100185(199612)246:4<423::aid\u2010ar1>3.0.co;2\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","volume-title":"Exploring Sex and Gender in Bioarchaeology","author":"Agarwal S. 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