{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:01:16Z","timestamp":1790319676137,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR\u2010CS\u2010012\u2010002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR\u2010CS\u2010012\u2010002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Biological Anthropology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childbirth complications occur if fetal size is excessive for the maternal birth canal. We hypothesized that young women's metabolic traits (organ and muscle mass, resting energy expenditure (REE)) known to promote fetal growth would correlate with dimensions of the birth canal, and that some of this association would be explained by growth markers (tibia length, height).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed cross\u2010sectional data on anthropometry, organ mass (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), skeletal muscle (dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry), fat mass (4\u2010component model), pelvic dimensions (MRI), and REE (indirect calorimetry) in 68 nulliparous women aged 20\u201328\u2009years of South Asian ancestry living in the UK. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to summarize variability in organ\/muscle mass and pelvic dimensions (PCA\n                      <jats:sub>pelvis<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). Associations between metabolic and pelvic traits were assessed using Pearson correlations, and partial correlations adjusting for height or tibia length.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean height was 161\u2009cm and body mass index 22.3\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . There were positive correlations between REE, organ\/muscle mass, head girth and the first PCA\n                      <jats:sub>pelvis<\/jats:sub>\n                      score, which were partly explained by variability in tibia and height. Fat mass was associated with REE and organ\/muscle mass but not pelvic dimensions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Correlations between metabolic and pelvic traits indicate a degree of coordination: women with greater metabolic capacity to promote fetal growth also have larger pelvic dimensions, partly explained by linear growth patterns. However, body fat in nulliparous women correlates with REE but not pelvic dimensions; hence high adiposity could increase risk of childbirth complications when these women give birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T01:35:54Z","timestamp":1788485754000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Organ Size and Metabolic Rate Co\u2010Vary with Dimensions of the Obstetric Pelvis: The Metabolic Coordination of Childbirth Hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Jonathan C. K.","family":"Wells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Shirley Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmus","family":"Wibaek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center  Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1213-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Owen J.","family":"Arthurs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Great Ormond Street Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran K.","family":"Seunarine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0892-9204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Eaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8237-6065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris A.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(89)90725-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01443611003672096"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"A Case\u2010Control Study of Primary Caesarean Section at the Port Moresby General Hospital, Papua New Guinea, to Identify Epidemiological Predictors of Abdominal Delivery","volume":"40","author":"Amoa A. 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