{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:17:16Z","timestamp":1790000236176,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007890","name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Biological Anthropology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examines secular trends in body size among women in a high\u2010altitude Andean population in Nu\u00f1oa, Peru to evaluate the relative contributions of high\u2010altitude adaptation versus political\u2010economic and nutritional factors to the small body sizes previously observed in this population. It investigates changes in height, weight, and body composition across the 1960s, 1980s, and 2010s.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anthropometric data were drawn from three cross\u2010sectional samples of adult women (ages 18\u201364) collected in the 1960s (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009134), 1980s (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009167), and 2010s (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009169). Measures included height, weight, BMI, arm circumference, and triceps skinfolds. Participants were stratified by age (18\u201324; 25\u201364). ANCOVA and\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests were used to assess between\u2010period and within\u2010group differences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women in the 2010s were significantly taller, heavier, and had higher BMI, arm circumference, and skinfolds than earlier cohorts, indicating a clear secular trend. No significant height differences were observed between the 1960s and 1980s. Increases in weight and BMI were driven primarily by women aged 25\u201364\u2009years. Progressive increases in adiposity measures across all periods suggest shifting body composition. Age\u2010related differences in body size shift between the earlier periods and the 2010s.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings demonstrate that improvements in socioeconomic conditions, healthcare, and diet have contributed significantly to increased body size, supporting a biocultural interpretation. Evidence of rising BMI and adiposity suggests that Nu\u00f1oa is undergoing an early\u2010stage nutrition transition, with declining undernutrition and emerging risks of overweight. Persistent short stature relative to national and Andean averages reflects ongoing structural inequalities despite recent gains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:20:33Z","timestamp":1787059233000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Secular Trends in Height and Changes in Anthropometric Measures Among Adult Women in Nu\u00f1oa, Peru 1964\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"190","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6752-6483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan K.","family":"Hoke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Carolina Population Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5336-7625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Bouv\u00e9 College of Health Sciences Northeastern University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8522-3870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Wisniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Carolina Population Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2476-6241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas L.","family":"Leatherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emeritus, Department of Anthropology University of Massachusetts Amherst  Amherst Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033\u20103506(95)80048\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2001283"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"Man in the Andes: A Multidisciplinary Study of High\u2010Altitude Quechua","author":"Baker P. 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