{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:00:59Z","timestamp":1790319659129,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004189","name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Biological Anthropology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metagenomic investigations of ancient dental calculus provide insights into oral health, disease, and diet. Here, we analyze the dental calculus metagenome of King Richard III of England (1452\u20131485).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dental calculus DNA was extracted from three teeth of King Richard III and shotgun sequenced to a depth of nearly 400 million reads. The metagenomic data were taxonomically profiled and compared to new and previously published dental calculus metagenomes from England, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Germany spanning the Neolithic to the present. Sequencing data were\n                      <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                      assembled, and metagenome\u2010assembled genomes assigned to the genus\n                      <jats:italic>Tannerella<\/jats:italic>\n                      were investigated for phylogenetic relatedness and virulence. Putative dietary DNA was assessed for authenticity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The dental calculus of King Richard III was well\u2010preserved and yielded an exceptionally high quantity of DNA. Oral microbiome species diversity fell within the range previously observed among other northern European populations, suggesting that a royal lifestyle and a rich diet did not substantially impact his oral microbiota. The reconstructed\n                      <jats:italic>Tannerella<\/jats:italic>\n                      genomes contained many virulence factors found today among oral\n                      <jats:italic>Tannerella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. No putative dietary DNA could be authenticated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The dental calculus of King Richard III produced one of the richest ancient oral metagenomes published to date, yet the species diversity was indistinguishable from that of commoners living in northern Europe over the last 7000\u2009years. Insufficient plant and animal DNA were recovered to investigate diet, suggesting that dental calculus may not be a sufficient source of dietary DNA even when exceptionally well\u2010preserved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:47:26Z","timestamp":1788421646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Oral Microbiome of King Richard\n                    <scp>III<\/scp>\n                    of England"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"191","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9810-9917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina M.","family":"Velsko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeogenetics Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Archaeogenetics Research Unit Leibniz Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"H\u00fcbner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeogenetics Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Archaeogenetics Research Unit Leibniz Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zandra","family":"Fagern\u00e4s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Globe Institute University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5585-6277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A. 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