{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:01:12Z","timestamp":1790319672862,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004794","name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Biological Anthropology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study provides new dental phenotypic data on the Aurignacian mandible Les Rois 2 (southwestern France). A former study of its dental morphology concluded that its taxonomic assignment to either\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>Homo neanderthalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was \u201cuncertain\u201d and could reflect a recent Neanderthal ancestry of this specimen. An alternative explanation was that Aurignacian people from Les Rois were\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      displaying plesiomorphic features, extending the biological variation seen among modern populations. Here, we propose a reassessment of Les Rois 2 taxonomic status through the study of its dental morphological features.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our analyses include micro\u2010tomographic data of a large comparative sample of\n                      <jats:italic>H. neanderthalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Pleistocene and Holocene\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . We analyze dental metrics, 3D dental tissue proportions (AET and RET), Enamel Dentin Junction (EDJ) nonmetric trait variations, and lower premolar EDJ size and shape with 3D geometric morphometrics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Les Rois 2 specimen displays dental features placing it at the limit of the range of variation of Holocene populations, but consistent with the morphology of Late Pleistocene\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Our analyses also show that Les Rois 2 lacks the derived\n                      <jats:italic>H. neanderthalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      morphological trait.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our study shows that the taxonomic attribution of Les Rois 2 is more consistent with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      than with\n                      <jats:italic>H. neanderthalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , while acknowledging that the specimen displays plesiomorphic features rare among recent\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      populations. These findings highlight the larger phenotypic variation displayed by Early Upper Paleolithic populations and contribute to a better understanding of the morphology of Aurignacian makers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:49:46Z","timestamp":1787842186000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Dentition of the Aurignacian Mandible Les Rois 2, France: New Data and Taxonomic Reassessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"191","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1261-3895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Isle de Beauchaine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7194 HNHP, CNRS, UPVD, Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7417-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ga\u00ebl","family":"Becam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7194 HNHP, CNRS, UPVD, Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle  Paris France"},{"name":"CERPT\u2014EPCC Centre Europ\u00e9en de Recherche Pr\u00e9historique de Tautavel  Tautavel France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5208-6203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florent","family":"D\u00e9troit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7194 HNHP, CNRS, UPVD, Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8537-3839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Ramirez","family":"Rozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7206 Ecoanthropologie, MNHN\/CNRS\/UP Cit\u00e9, Mus\u00e9e de l\u2019Homme  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Grimaud\u2010Herv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7194 HNHP, CNRS, UPVD, Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Verna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7194 HNHP, CNRS, UPVD, Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-34336-0_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21258"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559\u2010019\u20100885\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26575\/daj.v14i2.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","volume-title":"Neandertal Dental Morphology: Implications for Modern Human Origins","author":"Bailey S. 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