{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:00:59Z","timestamp":1790319659682,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005835","name":"American Museum of Natural History","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Biological Anthropology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comparing children's growth across the world and at different moments in history can yield insight into both health challenges and healthy morphological variation in humans. A difficulty of such comparative analyses is that, in marginalized populations, there are often logistical complications to obtaining repeat measures of individual children's height and weight. The problem is even more acute for historical populations: bioarcheological datasets comprise single measures of individuals at death. Additionally, for both contemporary and historical populations, there is often non\u2010trivial uncertainty about children's ages. Both of these factors complicate estimation of growth trajectories. Here we evaluate the degree to which we can accurately estimate a population\u2010mean growth trajectory using only a small number of (randomly) uncertain measurements, like those that compose many contemporary and bioarcheological datasets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recently derived a causal model of human growth from fundamental principles of metabolism and allometry, permitting exploration of genetic and environmental contributions to children's growth. Here, we fit this model in a Bayesian framework to simulated cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal datasets of varying size, where age is uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For large\u2010scale comparisons, reasonably accurate population\u2010mean growth trajectories may be obtained from single height measures of 100 children of a given sex and a range of ages. However, detailed analyses of pubertal growth spurts and the metabolic and allometric parameters underlying growth require longitudinal datasets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conclude that this new model and estimation strategy constitute a potentially useful toolkit for comparing mean growth trajectories across contemporary and historical populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:04:04Z","timestamp":1790075044000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Estimating Mean Growth Trajectories When Measurements Are Sparse and Age Is Uncertain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"191","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4092-485X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A.","family":"Bunce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anthropology American Museum of Natural History  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6305-0062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caissa","family":"Revilla\u2010Minaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anthropology American Museum of Natural History  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8127-4115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalina I.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology Florida Atlantic University  Boca Raton Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"The Osteology of Infants and Children","author":"Baker B. 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