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Wild chimpanzees, one of our closest living relatives, show diverse tool\u2010use behaviors and substantial variability, providing an appropriate context to investigate the emergence and functional significance of handedness in ecologically relevant settings. This study aimed to assess chimpanzee handedness and grip at both the individual and behavioral levels to determine whether specific tool\u2010use tasks elicit consistent preferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated hand preferences and grasping patterns in wild chimpanzees for three tool\u2010use behaviors observed in three different communities: accumulative stone throwing, algae fishing, and nut cracking. Our dataset consisted of camera\u2010trap videos of unhabituated wild chimpanzees with individuals identified across videos.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found 20\/21 individual chimpanzees were consistent in their hand preference during primary tool\u2010use actions: fishing, hammering, or throwing. Insufficient observations of a further 16 chimpanzees prevented assessment of their hand preference. We found no evidence for behavior\u2010 or population\u2010level biases in hand preference. Grips were only possible to code for algae fishing, where we found pronounced inter\u2010individual variability in grasping, with notable trends between left\u2010 and right\u2010handed chimpanzees. Also, right\u2010handed individuals appeared to fish for longer durations, although the implications for tool\u2010use performance remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights challenges and complexity associated with plant\u2010based precision\u2010grasping tool\u2010use behaviors like algae fishing. During the early stages of hominin evolution, the efficient execution of such manual behaviors likely benefited from key evolutionary adaptations favoring improved dexterity, motor skills, and enhanced brain\u2010hand coordination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:36:25Z","timestamp":1791617785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sticks and Stones: Hand Preference and Grip in Wild Chimpanzee Tool\u2010Use"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"191","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1542-7077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammie K.","family":"Kalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GAB Lab, Department of Anthropology University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"DFG Center \u2018Words Bones Genes Tools\u2019 University of 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