{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T22:25:54Z","timestamp":1740176754970,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]],"date-time":"2018-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australas J Ultrason Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nutcracker phenomenon (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCP<\/jats:styled-content>) describes the compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. Nutcracker Syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCS<\/jats:styled-content>) refers to the clinical manifestations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper aims to provide education and ultrasound protocol for Clinicians and Sonographers who encounter patients with the symptoms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCS<\/jats:styled-content> during their course of practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The following report examines two case studies where a diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCP<\/jats:styled-content> was made from clinical history and ultrasound findings. Based on these case studies, we would like to propose an appropriate ultrasound scanning protocol for patients presenting with symptoms of gonadal vein incompetence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The above case studies highlight the need for further assessment with ultrasound to help diagnose cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed ultrasound techniques are a valid protocol extension to the ultrasound examination to help diagnose <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajum.12087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]],"date-time":"2018-03-23T04:51:29Z","timestamp":1521780689000},"page":"75-78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nutcracker syndrome: A proposed ultrasound protocol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0484-6196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Englund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bryant Radiology 1 South Street Kogarah New South Wales 2217 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rayment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bryant Radiology 1 South Street Kogarah New South Wales 2217 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0586"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-006-0252-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v3.i4.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2001.118802"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050062"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(88)90104-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2006.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2005.05.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","unstructured":"WeerakkodyY De SouzaD et al.Nutcracker syndrome | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org.https:\/\/radiopaedia.org\/articles\/nutcracker-syndrome. 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