{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:07:38Z","timestamp":1790896058722,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001078","name":"Emergency Medicine Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australas J Ultrason Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to sonographically evaluate whether intravenous (IV) flucloxacillin administration was associated with an increased risk of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) thrombus formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational study included participants enrolled as a convenience sample from a larger prospective study of patients with cellulitis receiving IV antibiotics in the emergency department. Point\u2010of\u2010care ultrasound was used to evaluate the PIVCs for thrombus formation after insertion and at specified timepoints after IV administration of antibiotic or saline solution through to discharge. The primary endpoint included the presence and length of the thrombus in proximity of the catheter tip.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between May 2021 and June 2022, 25 participants were enrolled and received either IV flucloxacillin (n\u2009=\u200910), other IV antibiotics (n\u2009=\u20098) or no IV antibiotics (control; n\u2009=\u20097). PIVC thrombus formation was sonographically detected in 100%, 67% and 17% of patients in flucloxacillin, other and control groups at 6\u201312\u2009h (flucloxacillin vs. control; P\u2009=\u20090.015), with a mean length of 17.4\u2009\u00b1\u20098.1 (flucloxacillin vs. control; P\u2009=\u20090.46), 15.5\u2009\u00b1\u200913.4 (other vs. control; P\u2009=\u20090.73) and 7.3\u2009\u00b1\u200917.9\u2009mm (control), respectively. Thrombus formation increased significantly in the flucloxacillin group over time (0\u2013&gt;12\u2009h; P\u2009=\u20090.03) but did not increase in the other or control groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The administration of IV flucloxacillin appears to promote the formation of a PIVC thrombus visible on ultrasound, but the clinical implications are uncertain. Although the vast majority appear to be asymptomatic, they have the potential to become a precursor to thrombophlebitis and lead to early PIVC failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was feasible to identify and measure PIVC thrombus sonographically. Ultrasound showed that IV flucloxacillin administration appeared to be associated with more frequent formation of PIVC thrombus, with these increasing in length over time. Further research is required to confirm these findings in larger studies and to identify any clinical implications of the findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajum.12414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T05:40:19Z","timestamp":1732686019000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ultrasound evaluation of peripheral intravenous catheter thrombus formation associated with intravenous flucloxacillin administration: A\u00a0prospective observational pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Bulmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), School of Pharmacy and Medical Science Griffith University  Gold\u00a0Coast Campus Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Nightingale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Gold Coast University Hospital  Southport Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenu","family":"Hewage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), School of Pharmacy and Medical Science Griffith University  Gold\u00a0Coast Campus Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry Griffith University  Southport Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerben","family":"Keijzers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Gold Coast University Hospital  Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry Griffith University  Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine Bond University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8579-445X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Snelling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Gold Coast University Hospital  Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry Griffith University  Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine Bond University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Sonography Innovation and Research (Sonar) Group  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Child Health Research Centre University of Queensland  South Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.14401"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.8825"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2016.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12788\/jhm.2867"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2022.106552"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-220x-reeusp-2021-0398en"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2018.1468728"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2309\/JAVA-D-22-00006"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Ultrasonographic appearance of infusion via the peripheral intravenous catheters","volume":"2","author":"Yabunaka K","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nurs Sci Eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211009019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2015.01114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15263"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NHH.0000000000001270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2020.29.8.S44"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.2009.866"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01163-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1129729818820200"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13323"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2020.00752"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-021-02078-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03694-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5544505"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2023.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.13383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000216"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201404-175OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/jva.5000601"}],"container-title":["Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajum.12414","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T13:09:40Z","timestamp":1744376980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajum.12414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajum.12414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajum.12414","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1836-6864","2205-0140"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1836-6864","type":"print"},{"value":"2205-0140","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12414"}}