{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:23:36Z","timestamp":1761863016015},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,28]],"date-time":"2011-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1303948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Toll\u2010like receptors (TLRs) are important in sinonasal mucosal innate immunity. Previous studies demonstrate that sinonasal epithelial cell (SNEC) TLR9 expression is reduced in T\u2010helper 2 (Th2) cytokine\u2010predominant chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps, and with the in vitro application of Th2 cytokines. To further investigate in vivo modulation of TLR9 by the local cytokine environment, this study examines TLR9 expression in freshly isolated SNECs from subjects with and without active allergic rhinitis (AR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>SNECs were gathered via endoscopic\u2010guided middle meatal brushings from 9 AR subjects who were skin\u2010prick test (SPT)\u2010positive to environmental allergens in season at the time of study, and 8 controls. Flow cytometry was utilized to compare SNEC TLR9 expression in the 2 groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>TLR9 expression by SNEC in the AR group was significantly reduced compared to normals (35% \u00b1 26% vs 76% \u00b1 10%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Similar to observations in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis, this study shows that active AR is associated with decreased SNEC TLR9 expression. These findings are consistent with the concept that Th2 cytokines suppress expression of TLR9 and other innate immune genes. Multiple endogenous and microbial factors likely modulate sinonasal innate immunity to maintain homeostasis and prevent infection in AR. \u00a9 2011 ARS\u2010AAOA, LLC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,28]],"date-time":"2011-04-28T14:52:19Z","timestamp":1304002339000},"page":"153-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Allergic rhinitis is associated with decreased expression of Toll\u2010like receptor 9 by sinonasal epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Thuy\u2010Anh N.","family":"Melvin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai\u2010Tien","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra Y.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200422060-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61084-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079904X13266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2009.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09641-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.130.12.1374"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-8-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200412000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2008.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.1.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.60.041807.123524"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"The future of sublingual immunotherapy","volume":"22","author":"Marcucci F","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.2997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32832ad3c0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-541-1_25"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Falr.20038","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.20038","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T14:47:05Z","timestamp":1700491625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.20038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,28]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.20038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.20038","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,28]]}}}