{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T14:14:10Z","timestamp":1772460850961,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,5]],"date-time":"2011-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In lower airway disease such as asthma, epithelial cells have been shown to be potent regulators of dendritic cell (DC) functions. However, it is unclear how human sinonasal epithelial cells (HSNECs) from patients with sinusitis regulate DC functions. Therefore, in these studies we investigated the ability of <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic> exposed HSNECs to regulate DC antigen uptake, maturation, and direction of T\u2010cell T helper 1 (Th1)\/Th2 skewing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary HSNECs were cultured from control (n = 8), chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) (n = 9), and chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) (n = 7) patients and exposed to <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>. Conditioned media was placed upon monocyte\u2010derived DCs from healthy controls. DC antigen uptake was assessed by dextran\u2013fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) uptake. DC differentiation and maturation was assessed by immunostaining for CD209, CD80, and CD86 followed by flow cytometric analysis. DC direction of T\u2010cell Th1\/Th2 skewing was evaluated by immunostaining followed by intracellular flow cytometric analysis for interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3 and interleukin (IL)\u20105.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Control and CRSsNP HSNECs have the capacity to stimulate DC antigen uptake, differentiation, and maturation following <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> exposure. CRSwNP HSNECs stimulate DC activation independent of <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> exposure. Furthermore, <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\u2010exposed CRSwNP HSNECs skew T\u2010cells toward a Th2 phenotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CRSwNP\u2010derived HSNECs stimulate DC maturation and Th2 skewing independent of <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> exposure. However, control and CRSsNP HSNECs induce DC maturation and Th2 skewing after <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> exposure. These in vitro studies demonstrate that HSNECs are key regulators of DC functions in the sinus microenvironment. \u00a9 2011 ARS\u2010AAOA, LLC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,5]],"date-time":"2011-05-05T15:29:13Z","timestamp":1304609353000},"page":"268-274","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Human sinonasal epithelial cells direct dendritic function and T\u2010cell T helper 1\/T helper 2 skewing following <i>Aspergillus<\/i> exposure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodney J.","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7258.424"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240602000204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3228"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00023.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00172-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02321.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28295"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00594.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2001.01021.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(92)90162-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2007.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2005.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2275"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.1.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2010.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-03-0748"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.2.389"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.2998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200302000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.12.7431"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.104067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-010-0096-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/105065898780708008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1998.00380.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(99)01535-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199201303260504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3136"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e3283350053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.04.045"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; 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