{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T16:38:51Z","timestamp":1772815131466,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,17]],"date-time":"2012-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Corticosteroids are a mainstay of treatment in the management of sinonasal inflammatory disease. Despite their common use, many practitioners are not well versed in their potential complications or the medico\u2010legal ramifications of their use. The objectives of this review were to outline the existing data of the medico\u2010legal implications of oral steroids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>An OVID database search of the terms \u201ccorticosteroids OR adrenal cortex hormones\u201d AND \u201cmedico\u2010legal OR malpractice OR jurisprudence OR expert testimony OR informed consent\u201d was performed. This search was then narrowed to English language articles and the titles and abstracts were searched for relevance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The OVID search identified 178 articles. This search was then narrowed, resulting in 9 articles that were relevant and included in the current review. Five articles involved database reviews of litigation associated with medications. Steroids were found to be a common medication associated with litigation and the cost of the litigation involving steroid use can be very high. Common themes associated with the litigation include poor communication and lack of informed consent regarding steroid use. Several additional articles addressed single cases and many addressed lawsuit prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lawsuits associated with steroids are disproportionately costly and most of the allegations stem from a lack of informed consent over the use of steroids. Open dialogue with patients is the key to informed consent. Ideally, clinicians should discuss the rationale for steroid use, and the risks, expected benefits, and alternatives of the steroid therapy. Document this discussion and consider providing educational material for the patient to read and review. \u00a9 2012 ARS\u2010AAOA, LLC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,17]],"date-time":"2012-01-17T19:27:14Z","timestamp":1326828434000},"page":"95-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["What rhinologists and allergists should know about the medico\u2010legal implications of corticosteroid use: a review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"David M.","family":"Poetker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.3047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31817c0b4d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556139607500809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2010.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200730100-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599810390470"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70398-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199707000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02770909909065152"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","first-page":"343","article-title":"Short\u2010term corticosteroids and avascular necrosis: medical and legal realities","volume":"80","author":"Richard RN","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","first-page":"205","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the femoral head in men following short\u2010course corticosteroid therapy: a report of 15 cases","volume":"164","author":"McKee MD","year":"2001","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2005.03389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(95)80031-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","first-page":"36","article-title":"The medication errors that get doctors sued","volume":"22","author":"Crane M","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Econ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.21.2414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32406-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/1999\/517893"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2008.01164_3.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","first-page":"501","article-title":"A patient's right to know: a case for mandating disclosure of physician success rate as an element of informed consent","volume":"18","author":"Rado SG","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Matrix Clevel"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","first-page":"110","article-title":"View from the nation's courts. 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