{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T16:51:00Z","timestamp":1776185460313,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]],"date-time":"2012-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial biofilms are a major obstacle in management of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. NVC\u2010422 is a potent, fast\u2010acting, broad\u2010spectrum, nonantibiotic, antimicrobial with a new mechanism of action effective against biofilm bacteria in in vitro conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of NVC\u2010422 as local antibiofilm treatment in a sheep model of rhinosinusitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>After accessing and occluding frontal sinus ostia in 24 merino sheep via staged endoscopic procedures, <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> clinical isolate was instilled in frontal sinuses. Following biofilm formation, ostial obstruction was removed and sinuses irrigated with 0.1% and 0.5% NVC\u2010422 in 5 mM acetate isotonic saline at pH 4.0. Sheep were monitored for adverse effects and euthanized 24 hours after treatment. Frontal sinuses were assessed for infection and changes in mucosa after the treatment. <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> biofilms were identified with Baclight\u2010confocal scanning microscopy protocol and the biofilm biomass assayed by applying the COMSTAT2 program to recorded image stacks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 2 irrigations with 0.1% NVC\u2010422, <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> biofilm biomass was reduced when compared to control sinuses (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001), though this effect was variable in samples. NVC\u2010422 0.5% solution irrigations reduced biofilm even more significantly and consistently over all samples (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). NVC\u2010422 0.5% was also more effective than 0.1% NVC\u2010422, vehicle control, and normal saline sinus irrigations in reducing biofilm biomass (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05 for all subgroups). No adverse events were observed in sheep after sinus irrigations with 0.1% and 0.5% NVC\u2010422 solutions. \u00a9 2012 ARS\u2010AAOA, LLC<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>NVC\u2010422 is an effective topical agent against <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> biofilms, with dose\u2010dependent efficacy in this animal model of biofilm\u2010associated sinusitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]],"date-time":"2012-03-20T20:24:50Z","timestamp":1332275090000},"page":"309-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Efficacy of NVC\u2010422 against <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> biofilms in a sheep biofilm model of sinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Deepti","family":"Singhal, PhD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Jekle, PhD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dmitri","family":"Debabov, PhD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang, PhD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bez","family":"Khosrovi, PhD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Anderson, PhD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Foreman, PhD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter\u2010John","family":"Wormald, MD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Biofilms and chronic rhinosinusitis: systematic review of evidence, current concepts and directions for research","volume":"45","author":"Harvey RJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rhinology."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e3282fdc6d5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2005.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2010.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-008-0038-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2009.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01323.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00158-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","volume-title":"Poster presented at the American Society for Microbiology and the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 48th Annual ICAAC\/IDSA 46th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, October 25\u201028, 2008","author":"Celeri C","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.121022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.3032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31806009b0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-10-2409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-10-2395"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31815bf2e3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3232"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31817aec47"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.3069"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/605495"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; 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