{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T17:42:23Z","timestamp":1770918143038,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,4]],"date-time":"2012-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pathogenesis of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is thought to represent an immunological reaction to fungal antigens. Recent studies have implicated superantigens and non\u2010immunoglobulin E (IgE)\u2010mediated mechanisms in the development of AFRS. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> in AFRS vs other subsets of chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP, also termed non\u2010AFRS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case series with retrospective review of 19 patients with AFRS and 21 patients with CRSwNP was performed at a tertiary referral center. The diagnosis of AFRS required the presence of defined criteria described by Bent and Kuhn. Bacterial cultures and fungal cultures were analyzed for each group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> was significantly more prevalent in the AFRS group compared with the non\u2010AFRS group (63.2% vs 24.1%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> has been implicated as a disease modifier in CRSwNP through superantigen\u2010mediated mechanisms. This study demonstrates a higher prevalence of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> in patients with AFRS vs patients with other subsets of CRSwNP (non\u2010AFRS). These results support a potential role for <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> in the pathogenesis of AFRS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,4]],"date-time":"2012-10-04T12:59:54Z","timestamp":1349355594000},"page":"89-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["<i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> prevalence in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis vs other subsets of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"David W.","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Scott and White Hospitals and Clinics  Temple TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Wenaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery and Texas Sinus Institute University of Texas at Houston Medical School  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