{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:22:02Z","timestamp":1789662122191,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]],"date-time":"2012-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cholesterol granuloma (CG) is an expansile, cystic lesion most commonly observed in the temporal bone. CG is rarely encountered in the paranasal sinuses. Given its paucity in this region, the diagnostic and management aspects remain to be elucidated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systematic review of the literature yielded 66 cases reported as individual data in 37 articles; an additional 69 cases were reported as aggregate data in 5 case series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age of the 135 patients was 43.8 years, with a male:female ratio of 5.6:1. The most common presenting symptoms were orbital (66%), followed by headaches (19.3%). The most common location for CG was the frontal sinus (60%), followed by maxillary (34.1%) and ethmoid (3.7%) sinuses. Computed tomography (CT) imaging was used in 84 patients (63.3%), with bone erosion being noted in 80% of cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was reported in only 9 cases (6.7%); high signal on T1\u2010 and T2\u2010weighted images was evident in 77.8% and 66.7%, of cases respectively. Surgical data was available on 65 cases; drainage was achieved by open and endoscopic techniques in 52 (80%) and 13 (20%) cases, respectively. Primary symptom improvement and CG cavity patency was achieved in 92% of cases at a mean follow\u2010up of 34.5 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paranasal sinus CG is most commonly observed in middle\u2010aged males, arises in the frontal sinus, and typically presents with orbital symptoms. Both open and endoscopic techniques can be used with high success rate. The present study represents the first attempt in the literature to construct a clinical profile of this rare entity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]],"date-time":"2012-10-08T16:56:10Z","timestamp":1349715370000},"page":"242-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Paranasal sinus cholesterol granuloma: systematic review of diagnostic and management aspects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Aditya","family":"Durgam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas TX"},{"name":"Comprehensive Skull Base Program University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pete S.","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas TX"},{"name":"Comprehensive Skull Base Program University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-009-0680-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03655230601066744"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402008000200015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100110059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2009.00151.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-006-0015-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Bilateral maxillary sinus cholesterol granuloma: a rare entity","volume":"61","author":"Marina MB","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.129735"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/7070.2001.19452"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.41.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050000306"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221510013991X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"Cholesterol granuloma of the maxillary sinus. 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