{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T20:51:54Z","timestamp":1763499114552},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,10]],"date-time":"2012-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an idiosyncratic and multifactorial disease process. Bacteria play a role in some patients, by infection or stimulation of inflammation. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (SA) appears to be implicated in a number of infectious and inflammatory mechanisms, and may be particularly relevant in CRS patients with nasal polyps and asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Middle meatus swabs from control and CRS patients collected during endoscopic sinus surgery were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). Total bacterial count, SA prevalence, and SA abundance were examined with respect to patient demographics and disease characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total bacteria, as measured by QPCR, was not statistically different between controls, CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), or CRS with asthma groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.09). Total bacterial counts did not correlate with disease severity as measured by Lund\u2010Mackay computed tomography (CT) scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.65). The prevalence of SA was similar between groups (15\u201325%); however, the abundance increased in CRS patients with allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, and asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paranasal sinuses are not sterile. SA is implicated in a subset of CRS patients with nasal polyps and\/or asthma. Further study is required to predict this subset of patients, and to define the mechanisms of SA pathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,11]],"date-time":"2012-10-11T00:04:24Z","timestamp":1349913864000},"page":"267-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Prevalence and abundance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> in the middle meatus of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, and asthma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Vijay R.","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Colorado  Aurora CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah M.","family":"Feazel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases University of Colorado  Aurora CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah J.","family":"Abrass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Colorado  Aurora CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel N.","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases University of Colorado  Aurora CO"},{"name":"Microbiome Research Consortium University of Colorado  Aurora CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(95)70152-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21847"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps group. European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2007","volume":"20","author":"Fokkens W","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rhinol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20071"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"182","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the polymicrobial flora in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"39","author":"Stephenson M","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3180"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02678.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02381.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2010.24.3509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.112374"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.118891"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2005.00688.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.111593"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/105065899782102809"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(03)70044-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22398"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.06.726"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17202140"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Allergy and immunology: an otolaryngic approach","author":"Boyd EL","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-1-257"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.254-260.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.09.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009525"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02637.x"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Falr.21101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.21101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T03:10:06Z","timestamp":1697512206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.21101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.21101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.21101","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,10]]}}}