{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T14:43:39Z","timestamp":1748270619132},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,25]],"date-time":"2012-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rhinosinusitis is one of the top 5 diagnoses for which an antibiotic is prescribed, often without a clear bacterial etiology. This study evaluated whether nasopharyngeal culture and gram stain could serve as a surrogate for endoscopically obtained middle meatal cultures in directing appropriate therapy for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS). This study also investigated the utility of a rapid sinus test screen in differentiating bacterial from nonbacterial rhinosinusitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010one adult patients met inclusion criteria for ABRS. Samples were obtained from both the middle meatus and nasopharynx for Gram stain and culture. Nasal mucous samples were tested with a rapid sinus test strip measuring pH, levels of protein, nitrites, and leukocyte esterase.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010one percent (61%) of nasopharyngeal and 48% of middle meatal samples grew pathogenic bacteria. The concordance rate was 84% between the 2 sites (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0= 0.0006). The following pathogenic organisms were detected: <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>. For nasopharyngeal samples, reliance on Gram stain alone exhibited a sensitivity of 31% and specificity of 100% and, similarly, for middle meatus samples, 47% and 93%, respectively. The rapid sinus test revealed a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 7%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasopharyngeal and middle meatal cultures exhibited high concordance for pathogenic bacteria. Gram stain exhibited moderate sensitivity and excellent specificity. Nasopharyngeal cultures could provide a viable method, especially in a primary care setting, for determining the appropriateness of antibiotic therapy. The rapid sinus test's lack of specificity precluded its utility in the differentiation between bacterial and nonbacterial rhinosinusitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,25]],"date-time":"2012-10-25T20:41:48Z","timestamp":1351197708000},"page":"272-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Use of nasopharyngeal culture to determine appropriateness of antibiotic therapy in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Stella","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sinonasal Disorders and Allergy University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Woodbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sinonasal Disorders and Allergy University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berrylin J.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sinonasal Disorders and Allergy University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2003.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70127-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(01)80137-5"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2012","author":"Fokkens W","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rhinol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0392"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/323813"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Predictive value of nasal bacterial culture for etiological agents in acute maxillary sinusitis","volume":"25","author":"Savolainen S","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20080"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2902"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"794","article-title":"The end of antibiotic treatment in adults with acute sinusitis\u2010like complaints in general practice? A placebo\u2010controlled double\u2010blind randomized doxycycline trial","volume":"47","author":"Stalman W","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90670-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960100544"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/028134301750235385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199401063300105"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Falr.21102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.21102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T03:10:09Z","timestamp":1697512209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.21102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,25]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.21102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.21102","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,25]]}}}