{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:33:46Z","timestamp":1790487226201,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic conditions in the United States. There is a significant subpopulation of CRS patients who remain resistant to cure despite rigorous treatment regimens including surgery, allergy therapy, and prolonged antibiotic therapy. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a noninvasive nonantibiotic broad spectrum antimicrobial treatment. Our previous in vitro studies demonstrated that aPDT reduced CRS polymicrobial planktonic bacteria and fungi by &gt;99.9% after a single treatment. However, prior to human treatment, the effectiveness of aPDT to eradicate polymicrobial biofilms in a maxillary sinus cavity must be demonstrated. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of a noninvasive aPDT treatment of antibiotic resistant biofilms known to cause CRS in a novel anatomically correct maxillary sinus in vitro model using an enhanced photosensitizer solution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antibiotic resistant polymicrobial biofilms of\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      and methicillin\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA) were grown in an anatomically correct novel maxillary sinus model and treated with a methylene blue\/ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) photosensitizer and 670\u2010nm nonthermal activating light. Cultures of the biofilms were obtained before and after light treatment to determine efficacy of biofilm reduction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The in vitro maxillary sinus CRS biofilm study demonstrated that aPDT reduced the CRS polymicrobial biofilm by &gt;99.99% after a single treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      aPDT can effectively treat CRS polymicrobial antibiotic resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      and MRSA biofilms in a maxillary sinus cavity model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T16:46:02Z","timestamp":1357836362000},"page":"468-473","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Photodynamic therapy of antibiotic\u2010resistant biofilms in a maxillary sinus model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Merrill A.","family":"Biel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ear Nose and Throat Specialty Care of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN"},{"name":"PhotoBiologix, Inc.  Minneapolis MN"},{"name":"Sinuwave, Inc.  Bothell WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Pedigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinuwave, Inc.  Bothell WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinuwave, Inc.  Bothell WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Loebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinuwave, Inc.  Bothell WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2009.11.2081"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"Summary Health Statistics for US Adults, 2002","author":"National Center for Health Statistics, NCHS. Chronic sinusitis","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(95)70152-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.109269"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Hidden factors in asthma","volume":"22","author":"Somerville LL","year":"2001","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(96)70122-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Treatment alternatives for chronic rhinosinusitis persisting after ESS: what to do when antibiotics, steroids and surgery fail","volume":"46","author":"Desrosiers MY","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3319"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21438"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21805"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20060"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1683-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05321-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20089"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/macp.1982.021831116"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1973.tb06359.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00501962"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","first-page":"86","article-title":"Biofilm bacteria: formation and comparative susceptibility to antibiotics","volume":"66","author":"Olson ME","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/w01-095"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc01b01s22"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.25932-0"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Falr.21134","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.21134","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T16:09:02Z","timestamp":1696608542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.21134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.21134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.21134","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718155627.793485928","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]}}}