{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:26:37Z","timestamp":1761863197921},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pathophysiologic mechanism of allergy is dependent on the action of many redox\u2010sensitive proinflammatory mediators. However, even though redox disturbances are believed to be a hallmark of inflammation, little is known of the effect of redox imbalance to the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis. We thus opted to investigate the relation of oxidative stress and allergic rhinitis, through the utilization of a potent antioxidant substance (N\u2010acetylcysteine [NAC]) in a rat model of allergic rhinitis and the evaluation of its action on specific markers of inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>NAC (50 mg\/kg and 250 mg\/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to ovalbumin (OVA)\u2010sensitized rats prior to intranasal challenge with OVA. Mucosal congregation of inflammatory cells (eosinophils and mast cells), mucosal expression of redox\u2010sensitive enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] and cyclooxygenase 2 [COX\u20102]), and the blood levels of a key proinflammatory mediator (tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 [TNF\u2010\u03b1]) were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intranasal OVA challenges lead to mucosal inflammation, induction of the mucosal expression of iNOS and COX\u20102 and elevation of TNF\u2010\u03b1 blood levels. NAC significantly inhibited accumulation of inflammatory cells and downregulated iNOS expression and TNF\u2010\u03b1 serum levels. The role of COX\u20102 appeared to be 2\u2010fold and its expression was divergently modulated by NAC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that redox balance is involved in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis in rats and that NAC can potentially suppress the allergen\u2010induced nasal inflammatory cascade. The investigation of the role of oxidative stress in atopy could help in the evaluation of the therapeutic potential of antioxidant substances in allergic diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T21:47:22Z","timestamp":1357854442000},"page":"543-549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["N\u2010acetylcysteine exerts therapeutic action in a rat model of allergic rhinitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"George V.","family":"Guibas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, School of Medicine Aristotle University  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Spandou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, School of Medicine Aristotle University  Thessaloniki 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