{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:18:44Z","timestamp":1788315524309,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]],"date-time":"2013-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rhinitis and asthma commonly coexist and are often regarded as \u201cunified airways disease.\u201d Evidence exists that microRNAs are important in controlling inflammatory processes, but little is known about their role in airway inflammation. The present study evaluated the inflammatory profiles of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), with and without concomitant asthma, and of patients with nonallergic rhinitis (NAR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed inflammatory cells, cytokines, and microRNAs from nasal biopsies and measured nasal nitric oxide (nNO) levels in 159 young adult subjects subdivided into 4 groups: (1) AR; (2) AR+asthma; (3) NAR; and (4) controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed the upregulation of T\u2010helper 2 (Th2) cytokines and the trend of elevation of nNO levels in AR patients compared to controls. Subjects with current AR symptoms had increased levels of miR\u2010155, miR\u2010205, and miR\u2010498, but reduced levels of let\u20107e. In addition, patients with positive skin prick test (SPT) reactions exhibited increased miR\u2010155 and miR\u2010205 expression and a decreased level of let\u20107e, compared to subjects with negative SPT findings. Concomitant asthma had little effect on the inflammatory profile of AR. No significant changes in inflammatory markers were found in NAR patients compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that microRNAs miR\u2010155, miR\u2010205, miR\u2010498, and let\u20107e may be important in the allergic inflammation present in nasal mucosa. Regarding NAR, our findings support the view that mechanisms other than inflammation are pivotal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]],"date-time":"2013-05-23T19:00:30Z","timestamp":1369335630000},"page":"612-620","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["MicroRNA profiles in nasal mucosa of patients with allergic and nonallergic rhinitis and asthma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Hille","family":"Suojalehto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Hypersensitivity Diseases Team Finnish Institute of Occupational Health  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Toskala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Temple University  Philadelphia 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