{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:30:11Z","timestamp":1788870611460,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,25]],"date-time":"2013-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pendleton Pediatric Infectious Disease Laboratory"},{"name":"The Helsinki Central Hospital Fund (EVO)"},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health","award":["T32GM008715 to E.K.A."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM008715 to E.K.A."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients\u00a0 with\u00a0 viral respiratory infections\/viral rhinitis\/common colds are often treated with antibiotic; however, there is little information on whether or how bacterial microbiota in the nose and nasopharynx might influence the course of viral illnesses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To initiate investigation of possible interaction between viral respiratory illness and microbiota of the nose\/nasopharynx, we used microarray technology to examine 100 nasal lavage fluid (NLF) samples for bacterial species and recorded the bacterial titer of culturable bacteria. Rhinovirus illnesses were induced by self\u2010inoculation using the \u201cfinger to nose or eye natural transmission route\u201d in 10 otherwise healthy young adults. NLF samples were collected during wellness and at specific time points following experimental rhinovirus inoculation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The rhinovirus infection rate was 70%. There were no consistent changes in the prevalence of different bacterial species determined by microarray and bacterial titer by culture methods during rhinovirus infection. The bacterial profile in NLF samples showed high variability between volunteers but low variability in multiple NLFs obtained before and following infection from the same volunteer.\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/coagulase\u2010negative\n                      <jats:italic>staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CNS) were identified in all 10 subjects. One or more bacterial sinus\/otitis pathogens were identified by microarray in 6 of the 10 volunteers. The microarray identified a few bacteria not included in traditional bacterial cultures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our pilot study showed that each of the 10 volunteers had a unique bacterial profile in the nose by microarray analysis and that bacterial load did not change during experimental rhinovirus colds. Larger scale studies are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,25]],"date-time":"2013-06-25T12:02:50Z","timestamp":1372161770000},"page":"731-739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Bacteria in the nose of young adults during wellness and rhinovirus colds: detection by culture and microarray methods in 100 nasal lavage specimens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"E. Kaitlynn","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health Genomics University of Virginia  Charlottesville VA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Virginia  Charlottesville VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Pitk\u00e4ranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Helsinki  Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minna","family":"M\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mobidiag, Ltd Helsinki  Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Owen","family":"Hendley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Virginia Charlottesville VA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Virginia  Charlottesville VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanna","family":"Laakso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mobidiag, Ltd Helsinki  Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8le M.","family":"Salei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health Genomics University of Virginia  Charlottesville VA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Virginia  Charlottesville VA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Virginia Charlottesville VA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Virginia  Charlottesville VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Winther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Virginia  Charlottesville VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31814847d9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240301700406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2005.apm1130310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2009.186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20080"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3835"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70301-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.840-862.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"562","volume-title":"Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial and Chlamydial Infections","author":"Hamparian VV","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1958.00260140099015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-161"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61569-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.119311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-122"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488409107569"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380130091034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947308200219"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"Nasal mucociliary transport, number of ciliated cells, and beating pattern in naturally acquired common colds","volume":"128","author":"Pedersen M","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"348","article-title":"Changes of mucociliary function during colds","volume":"128","author":"Sakakura Y","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.112879"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480510027466"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90670-4"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; 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