{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T21:11:40Z","timestamp":1774473100145,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,10]],"date-time":"2013-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to examine litigation involving epistaxis and analyze factors that determine liability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Jury verdicts and settlements regarding cases involving epistaxis were gathered utilizing the Westlaw database. Factors involved in litigation gathered included demographics, defendant specialty, procedure, alleged cause of malpractice, outcome, monetary award, and other variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 26 cases were analyzed. The majority of cases (57.7%) were decided in favor of the plaintiff or settled out of court. Total awards amounted to $24,501,252. Average awards for cases decided in favor of the plaintiff were $2,260,893 and ranged from $499,845 to $9,022,643. Settlements averaged $1,084,375 and ranged from $300,000 to $3,800,000. Common causes of malpractice encountered included delay in diagnosis, complications from medical procedures, and failure to recognize complications in a timely manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contrary to previous reports analyzing malpractice for varying medical procedures and complications, litigation in epistaxis is more commonly resolved in favor of the plaintiff or resolved through out\u2010of\u2010court settlements. Substantial financial awards and therapeutic complications from blindness to death make epistaxis a candidate for litigation. Of importance from a medicolegal stand is the fact that 30.8% (8) of the patients involved in epistaxis litigation died, either from complications of therapy or from experiencing epistaxis as a complication of another procedure\/pathology. Using necessary diagnostic imaging, ensuring proper management techniques, and recognizing complications in a timely manner can serve to limit legal liability and enhance patient safety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T02:19:39Z","timestamp":1381544379000},"page":"76-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Epistaxis: the factors involved in determining medicolegal liability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Mohemmed N.","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle M.","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Setzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology Section North Shore University Hospital  Manhasset NY"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology New York University School of Medicine  New York NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soly","family":"Baredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"},{"name":"Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery Neurological Institute of New Jersey Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Anderson","family":"Eloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"},{"name":"Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery Neurological Institute of New Jersey Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318065b86f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Management of epistaxis","volume":"71","author":"Kucik CJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813481943"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200408000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811430898"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2012.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813499898"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813498696"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2013.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23905"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.1.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039237"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-010-1259-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Medical malpractice litigation raises health\u2010care cost, reduces access, and lowers quality of care","volume":"20","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Pract Manage"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000160019.12596.6f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.20.2217"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.21.2609"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Incidence and costs of defensive medicine among orthopedic surgeons in the United States: a national survey study","volume":"41","author":"Sethi MK","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EloyJA SviderPF FolbeAJ CouldwellWT LiuJK.Comparison of Plaintiff and Defendant Expert Witness Qualification in Malpractice Litigation in Neurological Surgery. 2013 Sep 27; Epub ahead of print; DOI:10.3171\/2013.8.JNS13584","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.8.JNS13584"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2261-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","article-title":"In the eyes of the law: malpractice litigation in oculoplastic surgery","author":"Svider PF","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2248-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","article-title":"A look inside the courtroom: an analysis of 292 cosmetic breast surgery medical malpractice cases","author":"Paik AM","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"The standard of care: legal history and definitions: the bad and good news","volume":"12","author":"Moffett P","year":"2011","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"Endoscopic resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma","volume":"73","author":"Rogers DJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215111001708"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1253397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811427660"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1607"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2011-010223"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.07.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199804000-00028"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Falr.21229","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.21229","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T19:03:48Z","timestamp":1696619028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.21229"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.21229"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.21229","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,10]]}}}