{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T23:29:33Z","timestamp":1785713373484,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]],"date-time":"2014-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate adverse clinical outcomes following office\u2010based sclerotherapy using sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) for epistaxis due to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias (HHT or Osler\u2010Weber\u2010Rendu).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective chart review of 36 adult patients treated with STS sclerotherapy for severe and\/or recurrent epistaxis due to HHT was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 153 separate treatment sessions were analyzed. Each patient underwent an average of 4.3 sessions with an average of 7 intralesional injections per session. Bleeding during the procedure was experienced by 8 patients with a maximum reported blood loss of 200 mL in 1 patient, but less than 50 mL in all others. Seven patients reported some postinjection pain, which included nasal, cheek, and eye pain. Nasal congestion, sneezing, and vasovagal responses were each noted to occur 2 times. No complications of postprocedural visual loss, deep venous thrombosis\/pulmonary embolus, transient ischemic attack (TIA)\/stroke, or anaphylaxis were encountered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conventional therapies used in the management of HHT\u2010related epistaxis, such as laser coagulation, septodermoplasty, selective arterial embolization, and Young's occlusion each have specific associated complications, including worsened epistaxis, septal perforation, foul odor, nasal crusting, and compromised nasal breathing. STS is a safe office\u2010based treatment option for HHT\u2010mediated epistaxis that is associated with exceedingly few of the aforementioned serious sequelae.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]],"date-time":"2014-01-15T16:10:53Z","timestamp":1389802253000},"page":"422-427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Complications from office sclerotherapy for epistaxis due to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT or Osler\u2010Weber\u2010Rendu)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"John E.","family":"Hanks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"George S.","family":"Goding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly C.","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino11.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"1993","volume-title":"GeneReviews\u2122 [Internet]","author":"McDonald J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-9-75"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/bega.2000.0155"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12555569"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1999.00398.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199109000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-004-0911-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ar.2011.110132"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21415"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480410023029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1721-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21345"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"575","article-title":"Does the genotype of HHT patients with mutations of the ENG and ACVRL1 gene correlate to different expression levels of the angiogenic factor VEGF","volume":"22","author":"Sadick H","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"Epistaxis in Rendu\u2010Osler\u2010Weber disease treated with selective embolization\u2013case report","volume":"69","author":"Jarzabek M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Przegl Lek"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.04.001"},{"issue":"301","key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Iatrogenic ocular vascular occlusions: case reports","author":"Lint M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2012.09.002"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; 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