{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:47:55Z","timestamp":1791229675147,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,7]],"date-time":"2014-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altered expression of epithelial intercellular junction proteins has been observed in sinonasal biopsies from nasal polyps and epithelial layers cultured from nasal polyp patients. These alterations comprise a \u201cleaky\u201d epithelial barrier phenotype. We hypothesize that T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines interleukin (IL)\u20104 and IL\u201013 modulate epithelial junction proteins, thereby contributing to the leaky epithelial barrier.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differentiated primary sinonasal epithelial layers cultured at the air\u2010liquid interface were exposed to IL\u20104, IL\u201013, and controls for 24 hours at 37\u00b0C. Epithelial resistance measurements were taken every 4 hours during cytokine exposure. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining\/confocal microscopy were used to assess changes in a panel of tight and adherens junction proteins. Western blot densitometry was quantified with image analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>IL\u20104 and IL\u201013 exposure resulted in a mean decrease in transepithelial resistance at 24 hours to 51.6% (n = 6) and 68.6% (n = 8) of baseline, respectively. Tight junction protein junctional adhesion molecule\u2010A (JAM\u2010A) expression decreased 42.2% with IL\u20104 exposure (n = 9) and 37.5% with IL\u201013 exposure (n = 9). Adherens junction protein E\u2010cadherin expression decreased 35.3% with IL\u20104 exposure (n = 9) and 32.9% with IL\u201013 exposure (n = 9). Tight junction protein claudin\u20102 showed more variability but had a trend toward higher expression with Th2 cytokine exposure. There were no appreciable changes in claudin\u20101, occludin, or zonula occludens\u20101 (ZO\u20101) with IL\u20104 or IL\u201013 exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sinonasal epithelial exposure to Th2 cytokines IL\u20104 and IL\u201013 results in alterations in intercellular junction proteins, reflecting increased epithelial permeability. Such changes may explain some of the phenotypic manifestations of Th2\u2010mediated sinonasal disease, such as edema, nasal discharge, and environmental reactivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,7]],"date-time":"2014-02-07T18:52:42Z","timestamp":1391799162000},"page":"361-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Interleukin\u20104 and interleukin\u201013 compromise the sinonasal epithelial barrier and perturb intercellular junction protein expression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Wise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Emory University  Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne M.","family":"Laury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Emory University  Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth H.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Emory University  Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle A.","family":"Den Beste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University  Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Parkos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University  Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Nusrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit 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