{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T10:39:55Z","timestamp":1780051195887,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systemic corticosteroids are the most effective anti\u2010inflammatory drugs used for controlling chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) symptoms. The potential mechanisms for their beneficial effects include increasing the number and function of T regulatory cells (Tregs), as reported in the local tissue post\u2013intranasal steroid treatment. We investigated the effect of systemic corticosteroids on peripheral blood (PB) Tregs in subjects with CRS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty CRS subjects and 19 controls were recruited. PB mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from CRS subjects before and after systemic corticosteroid administration in the course of clinical treatment. Control subjects received no treatment and were studied at one visit. Nasal symptoms were recorded. CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells (Tregs) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for interferon \u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3), interleukin 4 (IL\u20104), IL\u201010, IL\u201013, IL\u201017A, transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF\u2010\u03b21), forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), and GATA\u2010binding factor 3 (GATA\u20103) were measured in PBMCs using real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CRS subjects reported improved nasal symptoms (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005) and significantly reduced PB Tregs after treatment with corticosteroids (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.042). The transcript levels of IL\u20104 and GATA\u20103 were significantly higher in the CRS subjects at their first visit when compared to controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.019 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.05, respectively). Corticosteroid treatment lowered the transcript levels of immunoregulatory transcription factors [FoxP3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.048) and GATA\u20103 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.012)] and IFN\u2010\u03b3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.036) in PB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In contrast to prior work in local nasal tissue, our study reports reduced PB Tregs and decreased T helper 1 (T<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>1) and T<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>2 function after treatment with systemic corticosteroids. These data indicate that corticosteroid effects on Tregs in CRS are complex involving local signals in the tissue that are distinct from those in circulating cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T14:24:38Z","timestamp":1398090278000},"page":"609-616","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effect of prednisone on nasal symptoms and peripheral blood T\u2010cell function in chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"So","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Section of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery The University of Chicago  Chicago IL USA"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Showa University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayant 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