{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:13:06Z","timestamp":1791486786531,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,12]],"date-time":"2014-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence comparing the impact of medical and surgical management of chronic rhinosinusitis on olfactory function is limited. This study evaluates olfactory outcomes in patients who failed initial medical management and elect either continued medical management or endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) followed by medical management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult subjects were prospectively enrolled into a nonrandomized, multi\u2010institutional cohort. Baseline characteristics, quality\u2010of\u2010life and objective clinical findings were collected along with 2 quality\u2010of\u2010life disease\u2010specific measures, the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) and Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT\u201022). The primary outcome measure was the posttreatment change (\u22656 months) in the Brief Smell Identification Test (B\u2010SIT). Bivariate and multivariate analyses compared B\u2010SIT changes by treatment type while controlling for baseline cofactors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Subjects (n = 280) were enrolled between March 2011 and May 2013. Baseline B\u2010SIT scores (mean \u00b1 standard deviation) were comparable between medical and surgical treatment groups (8.8 \u00b1 3.2 vs 9.0 \u00b1 3.2;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.703). Subjects with baseline impaired olfaction (n = 83; 29.6%) experienced B\u2010SIT improvement in both the medical (n = 17; 2.3 \u00b1 2.8;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005) and surgical (n = 66; 2.1 \u00b1 3.0;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) cohort. A total of 38.6% of subjects with impaired olfaction return to normal olfaction at follow\u2010up with no difference identified between treatment modalities (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.803). Multivariate analyses identified prior surgery as a predictor of less improvement regardless of treatment modality in patients with baseline impaired olfaction. Average changes in B\u2010SIT scores were comparable between treatment groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.050).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subjects electing ESS experienced gains in olfaction comparable to subjects electing continued medical management. Further study with larger sample size and more sensitive measures of olfaction are needed to determine differences between treatment groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]],"date-time":"2014-07-15T10:56:03Z","timestamp":1405421763000},"page":"725-733","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Comparative effectiveness of medical and surgical therapy on olfaction in chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective, multi\u2010institutional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Adam S.","family":"DeConde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Oregon Sinus Center Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health and Science University  Portland OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess C.","family":"Mace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Oregon Sinus Center Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health and Science University  Portland OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah A.","family":"Alt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Head and Neck Surgery Rhinology\u2010Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program Department of Surgery University of Utah  Salt Lake City UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney J.","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology Nose and Sinus Center Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Oregon Sinus Center Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health and Science University  Portland OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology Nose and Sinus Center Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240602000119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.127.5.497"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200101000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.6.635"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-012-1972-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.06.726"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24587"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-007-0409-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2006.20.2924"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318170b5cb"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200103000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.18.2307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"Staging in rhinosinusitus","volume":"31","author":"Lund VJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989770005-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900110025004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2009.01995.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200102000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2004.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200007000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2012.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2553-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17670-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2013.796406"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; 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