{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:27:04Z","timestamp":1786976824356,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]],"date-time":"2014-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Olfactory dysfunction is common among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and has a negative impact upon quality of life. Olfactory dysfunction can be both subjective and objective and appears to be more predominant in patients with concomitant nasal polyposis. The efficacy of medical interventions on olfaction among patients with CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is not well known. Our aim was to perform a systematic review with meta\u2010analysis of the efficacy of medical therapies on objective and subjective hyposmia among patients with CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Olfaction specific outcomes from randomized controlled trials evaluating medical interventions on patients with CRSwNP were evaluated. Interventions included corticosteroids, antibacterials, antifungals, diuretics, herbals and anti\u2010immunoglobulin E (IgE) medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 28 randomized control trials evaluation olfaction in CRSwNP was identified and systematically reviewed. Sufficient data for meta\u2010analysis was retrieved for 5 trials. In the meta\u2010analysis, oral steroids showed significant improvement in subjective olfaction scores compared to placebo (standardized mean difference [SMD] \u22122.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], \u22123.94 to \u22120.49). Oral steroids also showed significant improvement in objective olfaction scores compared to placebo (SMD 0.65; 95% CI, 0.28 to 1.01). In the systematic review, both topical steroids and combined topical and oral steroid groups showed overall improvement in subjective olfaction outcomes. Antibacterials, antifungals, herbals, and anti\u2010IgE medications had no impact on overall olfaction scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this meta\u2010analysis demonstrated that oral and topical steroids significantly improve olfaction in patients suffering from CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]],"date-time":"2014-11-14T14:40:09Z","timestamp":1415976009000},"page":"986-994","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Olfactory outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis after medical treatments: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Sarfaraz M.","family":"Banglawala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel L.","family":"Oyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivangi","family":"Lohia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alkis J.","family":"Psaltis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Adelaide University, Adelaide  South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney J.","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3286"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3172"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3195"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21387"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480600801357"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318184e216"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32834dfb3d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"NHS National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.Methods for development of NICE public health guidance.http:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/article\/PMG4\/chapter\/1\u2010Introduction. 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