{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T05:00:59Z","timestamp":1774674059560,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,3]],"date-time":"2014-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate geographic and temporal trends in frontal sinus surgery procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medicare Part B data files from 2000 to 2011 were examined for temporal trends in various frontal sinus procedures, and the most recent year containing geographic information (2010) was evaluated for Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code use. Additionally, nationwide charges per procedure were recorded. Regional populations of individuals \u226565 years old were obtained from the 2010 U.S. Census, and surgical society websites were used to determine the number of practicing rhinologists and otolaryngologists in each region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of open approaches declined by one third, while endoscopic procedures went from 6463 to 19262 annually, with the most marked increases occurring from 2006 through 2011. Geographic variation was noted, with practitioners in the South Atlantic states performing the greatest number of endoscopic procedures in 2010, whereas the East South Central states had the greatest number when controlling for population. There was an inverse relationship between endoscopic procedures performed and number of fellowship\u2010trained rhinologists (controlling for regional populations) (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.66). The first year frontal sinus ballooning had a unique CPT code illustrated decreased reimbursements for non\u2010balloon endoscopic surgery ($609) relative to balloon approaches ($2635).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Declines in open frontal sinus surgery and marked increases in endoscopic approaches have potential implications for residency training. Potential reasons for marked increases in endoscopic approaches include the rising popularity of balloon technologies, although this is speculative. Geographic variation exists in frontal sinus surgery patterns, including an inverse relationship between endoscopic approaches and the number of fellowship\u2010trained rhinologists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,3]],"date-time":"2014-11-03T13:59:36Z","timestamp":1415023176000},"page":"46-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Geographic and temporal trends in frontal sinus surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Peter F.","family":"Svider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit MI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vibhav","family":"Sekhsaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit MI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit MI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Anderson","family":"Eloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"},{"name":"Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Setzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology Section North Shore University Hospital  Manhasset NY"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology New York University School of Medicine  New York NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Folbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit MI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240201600206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215054797961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/501896"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20565"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Long terms results of Draf type III (modified endoscopic Lothrop) frontal sinus drainage procedure in 122 patients: a single centre experience","volume":"49","author":"Georgalas C","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21216"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"CD008515","article-title":"Functional endoscopic balloon dilation of sinus ostia for chronic rhinosinusitis","author":"Ahmed J","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941112000804"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940911800205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000224506.42567.6e"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; 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